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We investigate survivorship among individuals who were hospitalized with influenza and pneumonia (P&amp;I) before and during the 1918 flu to explore morbidity and understand the effects of viral pandemic illness on long\u2010term individual health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We synthesize a novel dataset of hospitalization records from St. John's General Hospital in Newfoundland &amp; Labrador with vital records to calculate survivorship beyond hospitalization with P&amp;I from a non\u2010pandemic period (1914\u20131917) and the 1918 flu period (1918\u20131920) (total\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009127). We use a Kaplan\u2013Meier log\u2010rank test to identify differences in cumulative survivorship and a Cox proportional hazards model to predict survivorship controlling for period, length of hospitalization, and age at hospitalization (\u0251\u2009=\u20090.10).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Kaplan\u2013Meier results indicate no significant differences in survival probability between the two time periods (non\u2010pandemic vs. pandemic P&amp;I,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12). Cox proportional hazards results support this observation (HR for pandemic hospitalizations\u2009=\u20090.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.32). The number of days spent hospitalized (HR\u2009=\u20091.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.096) and age at hospitalization (HR\u2009=\u20091.05,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significant predictors of survival probability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This innovative research investigating morbidity as well as mortality during pandemic events links individual pandemic survivors with their long\u2010term mortality data. The results speak to the complex nature of tracing individual and population health outcomes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T07:03:33Z","timestamp":1783667013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pandemic Patterns: The Long\u2010Term Health Outcomes of 1918 Influenza Survivors in the St. John's General Hospital of Newfoundland and Labrador"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Mant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor P.","family":"van Doren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology High Point University  High Point North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4534-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Sattenspiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Medical Survey of Nutrition in Newfoundland","volume":"52","author":"Adamson J.","year":"1945","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.0.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Medical Resurvey of Nutrition in Newfoundland, 1948","volume":"60","author":"Aykroyd W.","year":"1949","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"864","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador","author":"Baker M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373960-5.00568-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442688704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20\u20101509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Clift A.1915.\u201cBelgian Relief Fund. 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