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We draw on biocultural theory and method to examine three distinct social ecologies of homelessness in the study setting: unsheltered homelessness, temporarily sheltered homelessness, and permanent supportive or transitional housing. Our mixed\u2010method approach incorporates epidemiological\u2010style questionnaires, biomarkers sampled via finger prick blood and hair, and in\u2010depth case study interviews to holistically examine the pathways that connect homelessness and physical and mental health, and to compare outcomes across the three social ecologies of homelessness. Preliminary results are now emerging and are being used in public advocacy as well as research publications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:46:25Z","timestamp":1784789185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study Protocol: Homelessness and Health: Integrating Structural, Social, and Behavioral Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8104-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley Jo","family":"Weaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Studies University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5459-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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