{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:38:54Z","timestamp":1792471134089,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Hum Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Coronavirus pandemic (Covid\u201019) exposed legacies of deep inequality, including who could afford protection from exposure. As part of the essential workforce, food industry workers continued fully in\u2010person work throughout the pandemic and associated shutdowns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To qualitatively examine US food worker experiences and stressors during the 2020 Covid\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010four open\u2010ended phone interviews were conducted from May through September 2020 with people who grew (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), processed (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), cooked (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099), sold (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917), and\/or delivered (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) food in the United States. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded for themes of stress, health, and workplace environment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interviewees reported widespread disruption across US food system workplaces (e.g., reduced staffing, role changes, and increased workloads). Expressions of stress clustered into 4 themes: financial strain, concern about getting\/transmitting Covid\u201019, sustained uncertainty, and overburdening. Workers' experiences revealed a need for self\u2010reliance while their work and life environments were repeatedly overhauled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results align with similar investigations into food workers' stress and limited protections before, during, and after the pandemic. The study contributes evidence for stronger worker support systems and positions food workers' lived experiences as vital to research and policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:51:26Z","timestamp":1792468286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences and Expressions of Stress Among\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Food Industry Workers During the 2020 Covid\u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Koselka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Health Systems Research VA Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01979183221127277"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40878\u2010021\u201000252\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development Gmbh.2020.ATLAS.ti Windows (version 8.4)[Qualitative data analysis software].https:\/\/atlasti.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soin.12497"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019 Puts America's Low\u2010Wage Workforce in an Even Worse Position","author":"Bateman M. 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Here's What They Need","author":"Kinder M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"No Piece of the Pie","author":"Koenig B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0160449X261428707"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07311214211005491"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00719"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07308884221143063"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211045817"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"UFCW Essential Worker Health Survey","author":"Michaud K.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.33476838","volume-title":"Will Work for Food: Labor Across the Food Chain","author":"Minkoff\u2010Zern L.\u2010A.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","unstructured":"Moore W. andE.Walle.2025.\u201cFood Chain Workers in 2025: Labor and Exploitation in the Food System.\u201dAccessed April 28 2026.https:\/\/foodchainworkers.org\/portfolio\/food\u2010chain\u2010workers\u2010in\u20102025\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","unstructured":"Pritzker J.2020.\u201cIL Executive Order 2020\u201310.\u201dAccessed April 27 2020.https:\/\/www2.illinois.gov:443\/Pages\/Executive\u2010Orders\/ExecutiveOrder2020\u201010.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","unstructured":"Schweizer E.2026.\u201cHow Grocery Workers Are Still Bearing The Scars Of Covid\u201019Forbes.\u201dAccessed September 12 2026.https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/errolschweizer\/2025\/03\/10\/how\u2010grocery\u2010workers\u2010are\u2010still\u2010bearing\u2010the\u2010scars\u2010of\u2010covid\u201019\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1274656"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","volume-title":"Opinion|The Coronavirus Shows \u2018Essential Workers\u2019 Aren't Fairly Treated","author":"Sperling G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","unstructured":"The Council of State Governments.2020.\u201cState Executive Orders COVID\u201019 Resources for State Leaders.\u201dAccessed April 27 2020.https:\/\/web.csg.org\/covid19\/executive\u2010orders\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics Industries at a Glance.2026.\u201cBureau of Labor Statistics: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.\u201dAccessed April 29 2026.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iag\/home.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14407833241246571"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.70338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajhb.70338","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajhb.70338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:51:30Z","timestamp":1792468290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajhb.70338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajhb.70338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.70338","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-0533","1520-6300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-0533","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70338"}}