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Since then, additional reviews on this topic have been published; however, none of these focussed on upper limb problems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this systematic review, the methodological quality of all studies was assessed and levels of evidence were apriori defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The large majority of the studies reported an association between at least one work\u2010related psychosocial factor and adverse upper extremity symptoms or signs. High\u2010perceived job stress was consistently associated with all upper extremity problems (UEP) in high and lower quality studies. Although not often studied, non\u2010work\u2010related stress was also consistently associated with UEP. In addition, there was some evidence for a relationship between high job demands and UEP, although the results did not meet the pre\u2010set criterion for consistency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High job stress and non\u2010work\u2010related stress reactions are consistently associated with UEP. In addition, high job demands is also in most studies associated with these disorders. Firm conclusions on the role of these factors in the etiology of UEP are not possible due to the cross\u2010sectional nature of most studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:315\u2013342, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:45:33Z","timestamp":1030304733000},"page":"315-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":486,"title":["Are psychosocial factors, risk factors for symptoms and signs of the shoulder, elbow, or hand\/wrist?: A review of the epidemiological literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Paulien M.","family":"Bongers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja M.","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda ter","family":"Laak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200102)39:2<180::AID-AJIM1005>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198806000-00032","article-title":"Shoulder pain in middle age: A study of prevalence and relation to occupational workload and psychosocial factors","volume":"231","author":"Bergenudd H","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199411000-00037","article-title":"The prevalence of locomotor complaints in middle age and their relationship to health and socioeconomic factor","volume":"308","author":"Bergenudd H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(94)00093-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925148"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1379"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199101000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678379608256810"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Work\u2010related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"1","author":"Buckle P","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Agency for Safety and Health at Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428119791012586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02767360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00060-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199606)29:6<657::AID-AJIM10>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00101-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"The correlation between work environment and the occurrence of cervicobrachial symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Dimberg L","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.4.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(95)00014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00059-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199704)31:4<468::AID-AJIM14>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872099779577318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00253-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408964940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Health Council of the Netherlands: RSI.2000.The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands; 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