{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:47:48Z","timestamp":1767340068664},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,22]],"date-time":"2003-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wastewater (WW) workers could have opportunity for direct contact with raw sewage, which might contain hepatitis A virus (HAV).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A serologic survey of WW workers and a comparison population of roads and drainage workers (RD). Factors potentially associated with anti\u2010HAV positivity were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 365 WW workers, overall anti\u2010HAV prevalence was 38%, similar to that (35%) of the 166 RD workers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5). Prevalence varied by wastewater job type from 45% among the 164 field crew workers to 32% among the 201 treatment plant workers. In multivariate modeling, factors associated with anti\u2010HAV positivity included age\u2009\u2265\u200940 years (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.4; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.6\u20133.7), black compared to other races (OR\u2009=\u20092.4; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5\u20133.8), birth outside the United States (OR\u2009=\u20097.5; 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.0\u201318.6), a high school education or less (OR 2.1; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.4\u20133.2) and work on the field crew compared to RD work (OR 1.6; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.1\u20132.4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results are consistent with no or a small increased risk of hepatitis A among WW workers, and do not provide a clear mandate for hepatitis A vaccination of these workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43: 172\u2013178, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,23]],"date-time":"2003-01-23T13:53:02Z","timestamp":1043329982000},"page":"172-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection among sewage workers in 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