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The purpose of the study was to examine whether occupational exposure in iron foundries increases the risk of cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A historical cohort study of 17,708 male German production workers in 37 iron foundries who were first employed in 1950\u20131985 with a minimum employment period of 1 year was initiated. Employment and occupational histories were collected. Mortality was compared with that of the German general population during 1950\u20131993 using a new method for computing the SMR when not all causes of death are available (called SMR*).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality from all causes was elevated to SMR\u2009=\u2009115.4 (95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u2009111.9\u2013119.1), as was for total cancer (SMR*\u2009=\u2009123.8, CI\u2009=\u2009102.1\u2013152.6), especially cancers of the lung (SMR*\u2009=\u2009163.9, CI\u2009=\u2009123.9\u2013223.0) and liver (SMR*\u2009=\u2009322.5, CI\u2009=\u2009149.5\u2013844.8), and diseases of the respiratory system (SMR*\u2009=\u2009147.6, CI\u2009=\u2009100.4\u2013221.5). Non\u2010significant elevations of mortality were also found for cancers of the mouth and pharynx (SMR*\u2009=\u2009153.5, CI\u2009=\u200982.3\u2013359.8) and larynx (SMR*\u2009=\u2009173.1, CI\u2009=\u200985.5\u2013550.5). Mortality from various causes of death was higher among workers with shorter exposure periods than among long\u2010term employees. The elevated mortality persisted for years and decades after termination of employment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results provide further evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer and possibly other cancers of the upper aero\u2010digestive tract among foundry workers. Special attention should be paid to the strongly increased mortality from liver cancer and the mortality pattern among employees having terminated work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:295\u2013305, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,20]],"date-time":"2003-02-20T14:01:07Z","timestamp":1045749667000},"page":"295-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cancer mortality in a cohort of male German iron foundry workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Karl\u2010Heinrich","family":"Adzersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Steindorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Frentzel\u2010Beyme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199006000-00010"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Case\u2010control study of hepatocellular carcinoma, occupation, and chemical exposures","volume":"29","author":"Austin H","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700130107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Atlas of cancer mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany (1981\u20131990)","author":"Becker N","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Relationship between dose and risk reduction: Statistical evaluation of a combination experiment with three hepatocarcinogenic N\u2010nitrosamines in rats","volume":"105","author":"Berger MR","year":"1991","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Who smokes most?","volume":"126","author":"Borgers D","year":"1984","journal-title":"M\u00fcnch Med Wschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1500.1998.00A47.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Occupational risks for colon cancer in Sweden","volume":"36","author":"Chow WH","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"850","article-title":"Mortality among rubber workers. 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