{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T12:40:22Z","timestamp":1700224822009},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]],"date-time":"2004-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1092182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first intimation that mineral fibers other than asbestos were biologically active, is generally identified with reports of experimental studies by Stanton and Wrench, and Pott and Friedrichs, in the early 1970s. In 1890 however, man\u2010made mineral fiber was recognized to present human health hazards; in 1912 experimental study confirmed asbestos to be fibrogenic, and by 1935 other mineral fibers came to notice as potential lung hazards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Published and archival sources have been reviewed to trace the emergence between 1890 and 1935 of the awareness of the health hazards of various fibrous minerals, and the development of strategies for their control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By the early 1900s there was evidence that the asbestos substituted for the man\u2010made mineral fiber insulation material employed to improve the thermal efficiency of steam powered engines, presented a serious health problem. In the early 1930s, other mineral fibers came to be suspected of causing pneumoconiosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Containment, local exhaust ventilation and personal respiratory protection were instituted for the amelioration of asbestosis, but because of the limitations of what was perceived to be reasonably practicable on economic grounds, and what was feasible technologically, their benefits were severely limited. Initial and periodic medical examination were introduced as precautionary measures, based on hope rather than on experience. When in the early 1930s, the investigation of coal mine dust and siliceous dust, threw up the hypothesis that fibrous natural mineral dusts other than asbestos might be fibrogenic, this was ignored and no further investigations were pursued and no precautionary measures were set in train. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:304\u2013311, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]],"date-time":"2004-08-11T19:24:01Z","timestamp":1092252241000},"page":"304-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mineral fiber problems and their management: UK 1890\u20131935"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Morris","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Anonymous.1930.Unsigned letter to Dr. Middleton (Secretary) March 26th 1930. DC 28\/Archives (No 1958) Constitution and members file: MRC Committee on Industrial Pulmonary Disease."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"AuribaultM.1906.Health and safety of asbestos textile workers. In: Annual Report of the French Labour Inspectorate for 1906."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"BridgesJCB.1934a.Typewritten minute to Chief Inspector dated 16th July 1934. Headed: \u201cCape Asbestos Co. Ltd. Use of breathing apparatus supplied with clean air."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"BridgesJCB.1934b.Typewritten minute to Chief Inspector dated 20th December 1934. Headed: \u201cCape Asbestos Company Barking\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Annual Report of the Chief Inspector Factories and Workshops","author":"Collis EL","year":"1911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The health of the industrial worker","author":"Collis EL","year":"1921"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Report on the health of workers in asbestos and other dusty trades. In: HM Chief Inspector of Factories & Workshops, Annual Report for 1898","author":"Deane L","year":"1898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700240503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3818.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/11.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Final report of the Departmental Committee appointed to inquire into and report upon certain miscellaneous dangerous trades","author":"Home Office","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Man\u2010made mineral fibers. Environmental Health Criteria 77","author":"IPCS","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"JacobsenM.1976.Dust exposure lung diseases and coalminers' mortality. PhD thesis: University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Silicosis","volume":"43","author":"Jones WR","year":"1934","journal-title":"Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Mineralogy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Industrial health","author":"Kober GM","year":"1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Industrial health","author":"Kober GM","year":"1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"MerewetherERA.1930.Typescript: Report to Dr. Bridges by Dr. Merewether on a visit 31st October 1930."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"MurrayHM.1907.The Departmental Committee on Compensation for Industrial Diseases. London HMSO. 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Barking\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"358","volume-title":"Proceedings of 18th Congress on Internal Medicine held in Rome October","author":"Scarpa L","year":"1908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5618.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"797","article-title":"Mechanisms of mesothelioma induction with asbestos and fibrous glass","volume":"48","author":"Stanton MF","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Watkins\u2010PitchfordW MoirJ.1916.On the nature of the doubly\u2010refracting particles seen in microscopicsections of silicotic lungs and an improved method for disclosing siliceous particles in such sections. South African Institute for Medical Research. No 7. Johannesburg. 207\u2013230. 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