{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:20Z","timestamp":1791893180915,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,17]],"date-time":"2006-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about cost differences for demographic groups or across occupational injuries and illnesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this incidence study of nationwide data for 1993, an analysis was conducted on fatal and non\u2010fatal injury and illness data recorded in government data sets. Costs data were from workers' compensation records, estimates of lost wages, and jury awards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The youngest (age\u2009\u2264\u200917) and oldest (age\u2009\u2265\u200965) workers had exceptionally high fatality costs. Whereas men's costs for non\u2010fatal incidents were nearly double those for women, men's costs for fatal injuries were 10 times the costs for women. The highest ranking occupation for combined fatal and non\u2010fatal costs\u2014farming, forestry, and fishing\u2014had costs\u2010per\u2010worker ($5,163) over 18 times the lowest ranking occupation\u2014executives and managers ($279). The occupation of handlers, cleaners, and laborers, ranked highest for non\u2010fatal costs. Gunshot wounds generated especially high fatal costs. Compared to whites, African\u2010Americans had a lower percentage of costs due to carpal tunnel syndrome, circulatory, and digestive diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Costs comparisons can be drawn across age, race, gender, and occupational groups as well as categories of injuries and illnesses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,17]],"date-time":"2006-08-17T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1155835467000},"page":"845-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Costs differences across demographic groups and types of occupational injuries and illnesses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J. 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