{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:36:41Z","timestamp":1759333001595},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]],"date-time":"2008-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational sprain and strain injuries are one of the most common types of nonfatal occupational injuries and a significant source of lost workdays. This study examines factors associated with severe work\u2010related sprain\/strain injuries to the back, shoulder, and knees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A synthetic case\u2013control study was performed (controls were selected from the same pool of utility workers as cases). Cases included all electric utility workers who had experienced a severe work\u2010related sprain\/strain injury to the back, knee, or shoulder. Primary controls were selected from all workers who had sustained a minor injury. Secondary controls were selected from employees with a minor sprain\/strain injury to the back, knee, or shoulder. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers 41 years and older were more likely to have experienced severe shoulder sprain\/strain injuries [Age 41\u201350: OR\u2009=\u20093.62, 95% CI: 1.71\u20137.65; age 51 and older: OR\u2009=\u20094.49, 95% CI: 1.89\u201310.67] and severe back sprain\/strain injuries [Age 41\u201350: OR\u2009=\u20091.70, 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.33; age 51 and older: OR\u2009=\u20091.5, 95% CI: 0.90\u20132.52]. Line workers and maintenance workers had an increased risk of serious sprain\/strain injuries. Gender and day of week were not significantly associated with sprain\/strain injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Though this study is limited by available data, future studies may benefit from this preliminary examination of occupational and demographic characteristics associated with serious sprain\/strain injuries among electric utility workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:210\u2013220, 2009. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,20]],"date-time":"2008-12-20T07:14:20Z","timestamp":1229757260000},"page":"210-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Factors that distinguish serious versus less severe Strain and sprain injuries: An analysis of electric utility workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kelsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffani A.","family":"Fordyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund C.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Mink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libby M.","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice W.","family":"Yager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics.2005.Lost\u2010work time injuries and illnesses: Characteristics and resulting days away from work 2003. 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