{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:26:04Z","timestamp":1782789964392,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term mortality experience of workers exposed to arsenic, cadmium, and other substances at a copper mine and smelter in Copperhill, Tennessee studied earlier as part of an industry\u2010wide study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were 2,422 male workers employed three or more years in the smelter or mill between 1\/1\/46 until the plant strike and scale\u2010down of operations in April 1996. Vital status was determined through 2000 for 99.4% of subjects and cause of death for 91.3% of 878 deaths. Historical exposures were estimated for lead, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, arsenic, cadmium, dust, and cobalt. We computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) based on U.S. and local county rates and modeled internal relative risks (RRs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed overall deficits in deaths based on national and local county comparisons from all causes, all cancers and most of the cause of death categories examined. We found limited evidence of increasing mortality risks from cerebrovascular disease with increasing duration and cumulative arsenic exposure, but no evidence of an exposure\u2013response relationship for cadmium exposure and bronchitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our limited evidence of an association between inhaled arsenic exposure and CVD is an exploratory finding not observed in other epidemiology studies of more highly exposed occupational populations. Possible alternative explanations include chance alone and uncontrolled confounding or effect modification by co\u2010exposures or other factors correlated with arsenic exposure and unique to the Copperhill facility. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:633\u2013644, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T14:05:03Z","timestamp":1245161103000},"page":"633-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mortality patterns among workers exposed to arsenic, cadmium, and other substances in a copper smelter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurtan A.","family":"Esmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine M.","family":"Buchanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada O.","family":"Youk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1424","article-title":"The mortality of cadmium workers","volume":"1","author":"Armstrong BG","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"540","article-title":"Prostatic cancer and chronic respiratory and renal disease in British cadmium workers: A case\u2010control study","volume":"42","author":"Armstrong BG","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The design and analysis of cohort studies. 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