{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:09:51Z","timestamp":1790435391827,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]],"date-time":"2011-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among police responders enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR), Post\u2010traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was almost twice as prevalent among women as men 2\u20133 years after the 9\/11 attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Police participants in the WTCHR Wave 1 survey 2\u20133 years after 9\/11\/01, were reassessed for probable PTSD at Wave 2, 5\u20136 years after 9\/11\/01, using PCL DSM\u2010IV criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Police participants in the Wave 2 survey included 2,527 men, 413 women. The prevalence of \u201cProbable PTSD\u201d was 7.8% at Wave 1 and 16.5% at Wave 2. Mean PCL scores increased from 25.1 to 29.9 for men and 28.6 to 32.2 for women. Prevalence of PTSD was higher for women than for men at Wave 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200910.882,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), but not Wave 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.416,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.133). Other risk factors included losing one's job after 9\/11 and being disabled.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of probable PTSD among police doubled between 2003\u20132004 and 2006\u20132007. After the 2\u2010year time span, the gender difference was no longer significant; prevalence of PTSD symptoms increased and there was a substantial amount of co\u2010morbidity with other mental health problems. Further development of prevention and intervention strategies for police responders with symptoms of PTSD is needed. The observed upward trend in PCL scores over time in police officers with PCL scores less than 44, suggests that PTSD prevention and intervention strategies should be applied to all police affected by the 9\/11 attacks, not limited just to those with PTSD symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:297\u2013312, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]],"date-time":"2011-12-27T08:53:23Z","timestamp":1324976003000},"page":"297-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Longitudinal mental health impact among police responders to the 9\/11 terrorist attack"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Rosemarie M.","family":"Bowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vihra","family":"Gocheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Stellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Alper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schwarzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000228503.95503.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990500479522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic criteria for DSM\u2010IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.6.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01682.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities","volume":"11","author":"Bonanno GA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20876"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13109\/zptm.2006.52.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199009000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199708000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Impact of September 11 attacks on workers in the vicinity of the World Trade Center\u2014New York City","volume":"51","author":"CDC (Centers for Control Disease Prevention)","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Injuries and illnesses among New York City fire department rescue workers after responding to the World Trade Center attacks","volume":"51","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","volume-title":"Summary of vital statistics 2002","author":"City of New York Bureau of Vital Statistics","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. 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