{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:05:21Z","timestamp":1768698321763,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride \u2010 CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in paint strippers continues to be an avoidable source of morbidity and mortality. DCM has been under regulatory scrutiny by occupational and consumer product agencies since the identification of its carcinogenicity in the mid\u20101980s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated two independent workplace incidents that resulted in three cases of DCM intoxication from paint stripper use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each incident investigated resulted in a fatality. A third worker suffered obtundation requiring hospitalization and intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The continued occurrence of fatalities and other serious injuries due to DCM\u2010containing paint strippers in the United States calls for a re\u2010evaluation of existing regulatory strategies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:907\u2013910, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T21:57:38Z","timestamp":1362088658000},"page":"907-910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fatalities due to dichloromethane in paint strippers: A continuing problem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"MacIsaac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health Occupational Health Branch Richmond California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janani","family":"Krishnaswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California and Kaiser Permanente Combined Preventive Medicine\/Internal Medicine Residency Program San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McNary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health Occupational Health Branch Richmond California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Suchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Medical Center Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Boysen\u2010Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Medical Center Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hank","family":"Cierpich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Oakland California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Styles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Oakland California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Shusterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health Occupational Health Branch Richmond California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"ATSDR.2000.Toxicological profile for methylene chloride. Atlanta GA: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available at:http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp14.pdf(Accessed April 9 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"ATSDR.2010.Addendum to the toxicological profile for methylene chloride. Atlanta GA: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Available at:http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/ToxProfiles\/tp.asp?id=1161&tid=42(Accessed March 15 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"California Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch.2007.Occupational health hazard risk assessment project for California: Identification of chemicals of concern possible risk assessment methods and examples of health protective occupational air concentrations. Oakland CA: California Environmental Protection Agency. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/programs\/hesis\/Documents\/riskreport.pdf(Accessed November 14 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Consumer Product Safety Commission.1986.Press release: CPSC to begin rulemaking process on methylene chloride. Washington DC: Consumer Product Safety Commission. Available at:http:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/cpscpub\/prerel\/prhtml86\/86012.html(Accessed April 10 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550150417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"European Parliament.2009.European Parliament press release: Dichloromethane to be banned in paint\u2010strippers. Ref.: 20090113IPR46095. Brussels: European Parliament. Available at:http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM\u2010PRESS&reference=20090113IPR46095(Accessed April 10 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6253.1461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Investigator report ML07\u20103849","author":"Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"HodgsonAT GirmanJR.1987.Exposure to methylene chloride from controlled use of a paint remover in residences. Berkeley CA: Indoor Environment Program Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Publication No. LBL\u201023078. 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Available at:http:\/\/www.irta.us\/PaintStrippers06.pdf(Accessed April 1 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1993.10388159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse.1977.Review of inhalants. Eurphoria to dysfunction. Sharp CW Brehm ML editors. Rockville MD (DHHS Research Monograph Series No. 15)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"NIOSH.1994.Documentation for immediately dangerous to life and health concentrations (IDLHs). Cincinnati OH: US Pepartment of Health and Human Services CDC National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Available at:http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/idlh\/75092.html(Accessed April 5 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"NTP.2011.Report on carcinogens. 12th edition. Research Triangle Park NC: US Department of Health Human Services Public Health Service National Toxicology Program. 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