{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:07:54Z","timestamp":1784686074044,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drywall installers are at high\u2010risk of work\u2010related injury. Comprehensive descriptive epidemiology of injuries among drywall installers, particularly over time, is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified worker\u2010hours and reported and accepted workers' compensation (WC) claims for a 20\u2010year (1989\u20132008) cohort of 24,830 Washington State union carpenters. Stratified by predominant type of work (drywall installation, other carpentry), work\u2010related injury rates were examined over calendar time and by worker characteristics. Expert interviews provided contextual details.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drywall installers' injury rates, higher than those of other carpenters, declined substantially over this period by 73.6%. Common injury mechanisms were struck by\/against, overexertion and falls. Drywall material was considered a contributing factor in 19.7% of injuries. One\u2010third of these drywall material\u2010related injuries resulted in paid lost time, compared to 19.4% of injuries from other sources. Rates of injury were particularly high among workers with 2 to &lt;4 years in the union. Notable declines over time in rates of overexertion injury in which drywall material was a contributing factor were still observed after controlling for secular temporal trends. Experts highlighted changes over the past 20 years that improved both work safety and, in some cases, production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Declines in drywall installers' injury rates over time likely reflect, in part, enhanced workplace safety, including efforts to reduce overexertion hazards associated with handling drywall. Continued injury prevention efforts are needed, particularly for less tenured workers. Given the potential for under\u2010reporting to WC, additional sources of health outcomes data may provide a more complete picture of workers' health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1137\u20131148, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T12:54:51Z","timestamp":1373979291000},"page":"1137-1148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Work\u2010related injuries among union drywall carpenters in Washington State, 1989\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Schoenfisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester","family":"Lipscomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"UNC Injury Prevention Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Solutions for Safety Health &amp; Environment Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"UNC Injury Prevention Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carri","family":"Casteel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"UNC Injury Prevention Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.031369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.9.1421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"BreslowNE DayNE.1987.Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. 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