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Data from Italy are relevant, as it was the largest European asbestos producer, and asbestos was widely used in many economic activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based mortality and incidence analysis was performed in Italy. Data sources were the National Multiple\u2010causes\u2010of\u2010death Database (1995\u20132010) and the Italian Mesothelioma Register (1993\u20132008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found an increasing trend of age standardized mortality rates in men, but no clear trend in women; moreover, we showed significant risks of death in several northern regions, formerly heavy asbestos users; finally, mortality\/incidence ratios similar for both genders (about 0.8) were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study, based on national data, showed a higher risk of mortality from and incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma in areas with formerly heavy exposure to asbestos. Am. J. Ind. 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