{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:15:03Z","timestamp":1762866903661},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute occupational hand injuries are a common occurrence in China's metal manufacturing industries. This study aimed to explore the transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2010crossover study was conducted from October 2013 through December 2013 in Zhongshan city, southern China. Face\u2010to\u2010face interviews were used to collect information on the occurrence of 12 transient risk factors during the \u201chazard\u201d period (a 60\u2010min period prior to occupational hand injury) and a \u201ccontrol\u201d period (the week before the injury).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred ninety\u2010four qualified acute occupational hand injury cases (139 male, 55 female) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 35.5 (standard deviation [SD] 10.4) years. The most common (64.9%) type of work was punching, and the most common injures were crushes and fractures (28.8 and 23.7%, respectively). Of these cases, 62.9% were regarded as severe or major. Among the 12 transient risk factors, 11 ones were significantly associated with acute occupational hand injuries occurring during the hazard period: \u201creplacing sharp knives\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914.38, 95%CI 11.43\u201318.08), \u201cusing malfunctioning machinery\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930.59, 95%CI 17.84\u201352.48), \u201cusing different tools\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910.96, 95%CI 4.77\u201325.17), \u201cusing different machines\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.20, 95%CI 2.25\u201312.00), \u201cperforming unusual work tasks\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924.38, 95%CI 14.11\u201342.15), \u201cworking overtime\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913.40, 95%CI 7.70\u201323.29), \u201cperforming a task with a different method\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956.41, 95%CI 23.61\u2013134.81), \u201cbeing in a bad mood\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009108.11, 95%CI 55.10\u2013211.11), \u201cfeeling ill\u201d (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912.27, 95%CI 4.95\u201330.43), \u201crushing\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.16, 95%CI 2.49\u201310.70), and \u201cnot wearing gloves\u201d (<jats:italic>IRR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.63, 95%CI 1.23\u20132.15).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggested that multiple transient risk factors were responsible for the acute occupational hand injuries in China's metal manufacturing industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:832\u2013840, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T09:12:53Z","timestamp":1467623573000},"page":"832-840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers: A case\u2010crossover study in southern China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Xin\u2010Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Xian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Qiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Resources and Social Security Bureau Zhongshan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3182398e1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80187-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.042325"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Research progress on the epidemiology of occupational hand injury: A review","volume":"34","author":"Chen SQ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"China NBOS.2012. 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