{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:11:53Z","timestamp":1787065913680,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mine Health and Safety Council of South Africa","award":["SIM 060602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIM 060602"]}]},{"name":"Mine Health and Safety Council of South Africa","award":["SIM 130602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIM 130602"]}]},{"name":"Mine Health and Safety Council of South Africa","award":["SIM 170603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIM 170603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuing use of analog film and digital chest radiography for screening and surveillance for pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis in lower and middle income countries raises questions of equivalence of disease detection. This study compared analog to digital images for intra\u2010rater agreement across formats and prevalence of changes related to silicosis and tuberculosis among South African gold miners using the International Labour Organization classification system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Miners with diverse radiological presentations of silicosis and tuberculosis were recruited. Digital and film chest images on each subject were classified by four expert readers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Readings of film and soft copy digital images showed no significant differences in prevalence of tuberculosis or silicosis, and intra\u2010rater agreement across formats was fair to good. Hard copy images yielded higher prevalences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Film and digital soft copy images show consistent prevalence of findings, and generally fair to good intra\u2010rater agreement for findings related to silicosis and tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:36:41Z","timestamp":1512520601000},"page":"229-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of digital and film chest radiography for detection and medical surveillance of silicosis in a setting with a high burden of tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Franzblau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"teWaterNaude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Medicine, Claremont Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananda","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"d'Arcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline S.","family":"Smilg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Parktown Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanyakude S.","family":"Mashao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Bureau of Occupational Diseases Braamfontein Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Dr SK Matseke Memorial Private Hospital Diepkloof Soweto South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristopher A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Lockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney I.","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of the ILO international classification of radiographs of 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