{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T22:50:12Z","timestamp":1783810212083,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"No funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although antigorite is generally described as platy, its fibrous (asbestiform) variant is present widespread in serpentinite rocks. In addition to its primarily fibrous occurrence, asbestiform antigorite may also be formed from serpentinite with massive appearance during tunneling and mining. It is not of commercial interest, but exposure may occur in the certain environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detailed studies of the structural features of this antigorite type revealed characteristics closely related to those of chrysotile. Therefore, it is plausible that this serpentine mineral may present a similar health risk for exposed subjects. This is in agreement with results from clinical and animal studies, as well as in vitro experiments showing the cytotoxic, fibrogenic, and carcinogenic potential of antigorite, similar to that of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence supports a need for an update to existing regulations to include unregulated asbestiform antigorite, similar to regulatory measures taken for asbestos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1525699615000},"page":"625-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Review on the adverse health effects of asbestiform antigorite, a non\u2010regulated asbestiform serpentine mineral"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xaver","family":"Baur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Society for Environmental and Occupational Medicine Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Occupational Medicine, University of Hamburg University Clinic Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"HSG 248 Asbestos: The analysts\u2019 guide for sampling, analysis and clearance procedures","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"USGS. Some facts about asbestos (USGS Fact Sheet FS\u2010012\u201001);2001 editor U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. Available at:www.capcoa.org\/Docs\/noa\/%5B12%5D%20USGS%20Facts%20on%20Asbestos.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"IARC. Asbestos (Chrysotile Amosite Crocidolite Tremolite Actinolite and Anthophyllite)http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/vol100C\/IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans [Internet] 2012; 100C editor IARC\/WHO Lyon. A Review of Human Carcinogens: Arsenic Metals Fibres and Dusts."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asbestos fibers and other elongate mineral particles: state of the science and roadmap for research Current Intelligence Bulletin [Internet] editor NIOSH.2011;62. Available online at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2011-159\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1515\/9781501508998-010","volume-title":"Hydrous phyllosilicates (exclusive of micas) Rev Mineral","author":"Wicks FJ","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph2007010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Ubiquitous fibrous antigorite veins from the Lanzo Ultramafic Massif, Internal Western Alps (Italy): characterisation and genetic conditions","volume":"76","author":"Groppo C","year":"2007","journal-title":"Per Mineral"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"BaumannF. Environmental exposure to carcinogenic fibres due to serpentinite paved roads in New Caledonia; lessons in environmental epidemiology and in prevention. Geological Society of America 108th Annual meeting.2012;44:8. Available at:https:\/\/gsa.confex.com\/gsa\/2012CD\/finalprogram\/abstract_200988.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1127\/0935-1221\/2010\/0022-2045","article-title":"Antigorite from Rowland flat, South Australia: asbestiform character","volume":"22","author":"FitzGerald J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ J Mineral"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Antigorite: is it the forgotten asbestos","volume":"59","author":"Fitzgerald SM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Professional Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Identification of fibrous mineral from Rowl and Flat area, Barossa Valley, South Australia. Department of Primary Industries and Resources. Report Book. Australia DoMaERPIaRS","author":"Keeling J","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Asbestiform antigorite: a dangerous mineral in serpentinites: a plea to treat asbestiform antigorite as an asbestos group mineral in terms of its occupational health safety effects","author":"Vortisch W","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"KeelingJL RavenMD SelfP EggletonRA editors. Asbestiform antigorite occurrence in South Australia. 9th International Congress for applied mineralogy. Brisbane;2008:329\u2013336. Available at:https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/260249089_Asbestiform_Antigorite_Occurrence_in_South_Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"KeelingJ RavenMD SelfP.Asbestiform antigorite: implication for the risk assessment of fibrous silicates. 21st Australian clay minerals conference; Brisbane Australia;2010. Available at:https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228867654_Asbestiform_antigorite-implications_for_the_risk_assessment_of_fibrous_silicates."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DissauerJ Pr\u00e4sentG SchwabP. Bruck expressway S35 contract 22\u2014Tunnelling through serpentinite. Brucker Schnellstra\u00dfe S35 Baulos 22\u2014Vortriebe im Serpentinithttp:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/geot.200900042\/fullGeomechanic sand Tunneling [Internet] editor Wiley Medford.2009;2:483\u2013493.","DOI":"10.1002\/geot.200900042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"BaumannF. Environmental exposure to carcinogenic fibers due to serpentinite paved roads in New Caledonia; lessons in environmental epidemiology and in prevention. In: Geological Society of America CS editor. 108th Annual Meeting;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects of antigorite","volume":"1","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pol J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Evaluation of occupational exposure of workers engaged in mining of rock raw materials in the Sleza massif","volume":"42","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Various ecological problems related to mining and processing of serpentine. Evaluation of non\u2010occupational exposure of the population of Naslawice fibrous mineral dust","volume":"43","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.5.1158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.35.8.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"The fibrogenic effects of mineral dusts injected into the pleural cavity of mice","volume":"53","author":"Davis JM","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Polish asbestos and its fibrgenic effect. I. Fibrous minerals in nickel ore deposites","volume":"35","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Polish asbestos and its fibrogenic effect. II. Identification and fibrogenic effect of fibrous minerals occurring in road stone deposits","volume":"36","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Pr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Experimental carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of non\u2010asbestos fibers\u2014preliminary report carcinogenicity","volume":"6","author":"Wozniak H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pol J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00840486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"4906","article-title":"Induction of squamous metaplasia in organ cultures of hamster trachea by naturally occurring and synthetic fibers","volume":"43","author":"Woodworth CD","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"2743","article-title":"Sensitivity of hamster tracheal epithelial cells to asbestiform minerals modulated by serum and by transforming growth factor beta 1","volume":"49","author":"Sesko AM","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90162-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Asbestos causes translocation of p65 protein and increases NF\u2010kappa B DNA binding activity in rat lung epithelial and pleural mesothelial cells","volume":"151","author":"Janssen YM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1999.277.4.L684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Mechanisms of induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in tracheal epithelial cells by asbestiform minerals","volume":"48","author":"Marsh JP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1980.122.5.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","unstructured":"IARC. Some nanomaterials and some fibres. Available online at:http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/vol111\/index.phpIARC Monographs Volume 111 [Internet]. editor IARC Lyon.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"WHO. Chrysotile asbestos. editor IARC\/WHO Geneva.2014. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/ipcs\/assessment\/public_health\/chrysotile_asbestos_summary.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1436ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2004.10.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","unstructured":"Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI). Messen von Innenraumluftverunreinigungen; Messen von Immissionen; Messen anorganischer faserf\u00f6rmiger Partikel; Rasterelektronenmikroskopisches Verfahren. VDI 3492. Berlin: Beuth Verlag;2013."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajim.22857","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.22857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T08:31:54Z","timestamp":1751617914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.22857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.22857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.22857","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}