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Participants were studied using a standardized self\u2010administered questionnaire designed to determine both the exposure history to ASF and the prevalence of chronic pain, sleep apnea, cardiometabolic disease, and neurocognitive impairment. Logistic regression and negative binomial regression models were used to assess associations between age, ethnicity, body\u2010mass index during professional football career, field position, and football career duration with individual and multiple afflictions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort of former NFL players (n\u2009=\u20093745), approximately one quarter of the eligible former players (27%) reported two or more medical afflictions (chronic pain, cardiometabolic disease, sleep apnea, or neurocognitive impairment). Career duration was significantly associated with an increase in the number of comorbidities. Age, race, and body\u2010mass index were associated with all affliction categories, other than neurocognitive impairment, which was similarly prevalent in middle\u2010aged players and older players. Earlier age when first playing the sport was protective against cardiometabolic affliction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Former NFL players report significant combinations of cross\u2010system afflictions. Future work will be required to determine mechanistic underpinnings. However, attention to the whole player, rather than specific organ systems seems critical to improve long\u2010term health outcomes in former ASF professional athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T04:10:43Z","timestamp":1559016643000},"page":"655-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multisystem afflictions in former National Football League players"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Berenson\u2010Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Performance Program Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Weisskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston 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