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We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to evaluate quantitatively the association between formaldehyde exposure and lung cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched for articles on occupational formaldehyde exposure and lung cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. In total, 32 articles were selected and 31 studies were included in a meta\u2010analysis. Subgroup analyses and quality assessments were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of lung cancer among workers exposed to formaldehyde was not significantly increased, with an overall pooled risk estimate of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97\u20101.12). The pooled risk estimate of lung cancer was increased when higher exposure studies were considered (1.19; 95% CI, 0.96\u20101.46). More statistically robust results were obtained when high quality (1.13; 95% CI, 1.08\u20101.19) and recent (1.13; 95% CI, 1.07\u20101.19) studies were used in deriving pooled risk estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant increase in the risk of lung cancer was evident in the overall pooled risk estimate; even in higher formaldehyde exposure groups. Our findings do not provide strong evidence in favor of formaldehyde as a risk factor for lung cancer. However, since risk estimates were significantly increased for high\u2010quality and recent studies, the possibility that exposure to formaldehyde can increase the risk of lung cancer might still be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T06:41:28Z","timestamp":1580452888000},"page":"312-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6296-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeongmin","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Korea University Ansan Hospital Ansan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4510-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domyung","family":"Paek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Tae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Korea University Ansan Hospital Ansan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"735","volume-title":"Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry","author":"Reuss G","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Formaldehyde, 2\u2010butoxyethanol and 1\u2010tert\u2010butoxypropan\u20102\u2010ol","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181ef7e31"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Mortality among industrial workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"76","author":"Blair A","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700130606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199707000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer.List of Classifications by Cancer Sites with Sufficient or Limited Evidence in Humans Volumes 1 to 123.https:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Table4.pdf. 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