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We describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with the malignant asbestos\u2010related disease (ARD) in the area of the plant between 2007 and 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, descriptive study was undertaken in the 12 municipalities of the county of Barcelona most proximate to the plant. We describe malignant ARD cases by time of diagnosis, source of exposure, periods of exposure and latency, and distribution by sex. Cumulative incidence and age\u2010standardized incidence rates (ASIR) are calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 477 patients diagnosed with ARD between 2007 and 2016, 128 (26%) presented with asbestos\u2010associated malignancy. Pleural mesothelioma was noted in 105 patients (82.0%) with a linear trend <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score of \u22120.2 (NS) in men and 2.7 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) in women. The highest ASIRs for malignant ARD (6.1\/100\u2009000 residents\/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2\u201013.3) and pleural mesothelioma\u00a0(4.8\/100\u2009000 residents\/year; 95% CI, 1.5\u201011.6) occurred in municipalities closest to the focal point of contamination. The origin of malignant ARD was nonoccupational in 32.2% of men and 81.6% of women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than 20 years after the closure of the fiber cement plant, the grave consequences of exposure to asbestos remain. The detection of cases of pleural mesothelioma in men seems to have plateaued whereas in women an ascending trend continues, which principally has its origin in nonoccupational exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T07:50:40Z","timestamp":1591689040000},"page":"796-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Malignant asbestos\u2010related disease in a population exposed to asbestos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Orriols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonolog Hospital of Girona, Santa Caterina, Hospital of Salt and the Girona Biomedical, Research Institute (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta University  Girona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases  Balearic Islands Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Tarr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Division, Department of Health Catalan Health Institute  Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constan\u00e7a","family":"Albert\u00ed\u2010Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sub\u2010Directorate General for Medical Evaluations  Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rosell\u2010Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Division, Department of Health Catalan Health Institute  Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ab\u00f3s\u2010Herr\u00e0ndiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Division, Department of Health Catalan Health Institute  Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Canela\u2010Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Clinical Practice University of Barcelona  Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health, University of South Florida  Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Marin CastanF Seijas QuintanaJA Salas CarcellerA Arroyo FiestasFJ Baena RuizERoj: STS 5414\/2015\u2014ECLI: ES: TS: 2015: 5414. 2015:1\u201012."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"SPSS. 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