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Cancer mortality over the period 1977\u20101992 was ascertained for a cohort of 16\u2009434 male underground uranium miners employed in the Czech Republic between 1946 and 1992. Poisson regression was used to estimate relationships between cumulative radiation exposure (in working level months [WLM]) and site\u2010specific cancer mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radon is positively associated with lung cancer mortality (excess relative rate [ERR] per 100\u2009WLM\u2009=\u20090.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 0.37). The best fit of the dose\u2010response relationship between radon and lung cancer mortality was linear and estimates of radon\u2010lung cancer associations varied by windows of time\u2010since\u2010exposure. Positive associations between radon and several types of cancer other than lung cancer were identified, notably chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ERR\/100\u2009WLM\u2009=\u20090.24; 95% CI: [not determined [ND], 5.10]) and extrathoracic cancer (ERR\/100\u2009WLM\u2009=\u20090.12; 95% CI: [ND, 0.69]). We observed no associations between radon and stomach cancer, nor between radon and several hematopoietic cancer subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms the established radon\u2010lung cancer association and suggests that radon may also be associated with other types of cancer mortality. Further investigations of extrathoracic and CLL cancer, with the aim of obtaining more precise estimates, are warranted to understand associations between radon and cancers other than lung.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T12:18:47Z","timestamp":1596975527000},"page":"859-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Radon and cancer mortality among underground uranium miners in the P\u0159\u00edbram region of the Czech Republic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Kelly\u2010Reif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North 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