{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:38:44Z","timestamp":1779194324575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coal miners with totally disabling pneumoconiosis are eligible for benefits through the Federal Black Lung Benefits Program (FBLP). We identify the causes of death among Medicare beneficiaries with a claim for which the FBLP was the primary payer and compare these causes of death to all deceased Medicare beneficiaries to better understand elevated death and disease among miners with occupational respiratory exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1999 to 2016 Medicare data, we extracted beneficiary and National Death Index data for 28,003 beneficiaries with an FBLP primary payer claim. We summarized the International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification 10th revision\u2010coded underlying causes of death and entity\u2010axis multiple causes of death for 22,242 deceased Medicare beneficiaries with an FBLP primary payer Medicare claim and compared their causes of death to the deceased Medicare beneficiary population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among deceased FBLP beneficiaries, the three leading underlying causes of death were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified (J44.9, 10.1%), atherosclerotic heart disease (I25.1, 9.3%), and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) (J60, 9.2%). All diseases of the respiratory system combined (J00\u2013J99) were the underlying cause of death for 29.1% of all beneficiaries, with pneumoconioses (J60\u2013J64) as the underlying cause for 11.0% of all beneficiaries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coal miners enrolled in Medicare with an FBLP primary payer claim were more likely to have specific respiratory and cardiovascular diseases listed as a cause of death than deceased Medicare beneficiaries overall, and were also more likely to die from CWP or any pneumoconioses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T10:51:08Z","timestamp":1601203868000},"page":"973-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Causes of death among Federal Black Lung Benefits Program beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare, 1999\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-1700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kurth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8050-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Halldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3036-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Scott","family":"Laney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Blackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown West Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2015.1276","article-title":"Principles and pitfalls: a guide to death certification","volume":"12","author":"Brooks EG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation. Compliance guide to the Black Lung Benefits Act.https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/owcp\/dcmwc\/regs\/compliance\/blbenact.htm. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation. Guide to filing for Black Lung benefits (miner).https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/owcp\/dcmwc\/filing_guide_miner.htm. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"30 USC 902. Black lung benefits.http:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?path=\/prelim@title30\/chapter22\/subchapter4&edition=prelim. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Medicare program\u2014general information.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Medicare-General-Information\/MedicareGenInfo\/index.html. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Coordination of benefits & recovery overview.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Coordination-of-Benefits-and-Recovery\/Coordination-of-Benefits-and-Recovery-Overview\/Overview.html. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Research Data Assistance Center. Find request and use CMS data [ResDac web site].https:\/\/www.resdac.org\/. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Research Data Assistance Center. Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF) base.https:\/\/www.resdac.org\/cms-data\/files\/mbsf-base. Accessed 22 January2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Research Data Assistance Center. Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF): National Death Index (NDI) segment.https:\/\/www.resdac.org\/cms-data\/files\/mbsf-ndi\/data-documentation. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Death Index.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ndi\/index.htm. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems\u201010th Revision","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. National Death Index user's guide. Hyattsville MD.2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdl038","article-title":"Comparing the part with the whole: should overlap be ignored in public health measures?","volume":"28","author":"Hayes LJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Jansen McWilliamsL LenartPJ LancasterJL ZeinerJR. National Survey of the mining population part I: employees. 2012. Department of Health and Human Service (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Publication No. 2012\u2010152.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/mining\/UserFiles\/works\/pdfs\/2012-152.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23874","article-title":"Prevalence of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in coal mining counties of the United States","volume":"71","author":"Schmajuk G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0042CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20986","article-title":"Coal dust exposure and mortality from ischemic heart disease among a cohort of US coal miners","volume":"53","author":"Landen D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics. Possible solutions to common problems in death certification.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/writing-cod-statements\/death_certification_problems.htm. Accessed 25 February2020."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-117OC","article-title":"The burden of silicosis in Michigan: 1988\u20132016","volume":"15","author":"Reilly MJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals ATS."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All pneumoconioses: number of deaths crude and age\u2010adjusted death rates U.S. residents age 15 and over 1968\u20132014.https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/eWorld\/Grouping\/All_Pneumoconioses\/91"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis: number of deaths crude and age\u2010adjusted death rates U.S. residents age 15 and over 1968\u20132014.https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/eworld\/Grouping\/Coal_Workers_Pneumoconiosis\/93"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304517"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23176","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajim.23176","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T19:44:54Z","timestamp":1693943094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}