{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1780555386652,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015608","name":"Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T42OH998421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T42OH998421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 5000 people are killed by an injury at work every year, but the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) only investigates 25%\u201335% of these deaths. The aim of this study was to identify industry, geographic, and worker demographic disparities in the proportion of fatal workplace injuries that are investigated by OSHA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional analysis drew from 2 years of public data (2014\u20132015) from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and investigation data from OSHA. Differences by worker age and sex, geographic region, industry, and State Plan\u2010 versus Federal Plan\u2010state were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationally, OSHA investigated about one in four (27.5%) of the 9657 fatal workplace injuries that occurred. Higher odds of uninvestigated fatalities were observed for female workers compared to male workers (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.89, 2.93), for workers over age 65 compared to those aged 18\u201324 (3.05; 2.44, 3.82), for worker deaths occurring in State Plan states compared to Federal Plan states (1.64; 1.49, 1.79), among other differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although some of the disparities could be explained by OSHA jurisdiction restrictions, other areas of potential reform were identified, such as investigating a greater number of workplace violence deaths and increasing focus in industries with a low proportion of investigations but a high number of fatalities, such as transportation and warehousing. Consideration should be given to adapt policies, expand OSHA jurisdiction, and to increase OSHA resources for conducting both fatality investigations and proactive investigations that can identify and abate hazards before a worker is injured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T10:51:08Z","timestamp":1601203868000},"page":"1029-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Uninvestigated fatal workplace injuries in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8224-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bethany","family":"Boggess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health University of Texas School of Public Health  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"National Center for Farmworker Health  Buda Texas US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pompeii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiology and Population Health Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fatal occupational injuries in 2016.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshwc\/cfoi\/cfch0014.pdf. Accessed March 8 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Achievements in public health 1900\u20131999: Improvements in workplace safety\u2014United States 1900\u20131999.1999.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm4822a1.htm. Accessed December 15 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organisation.Fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by economic activity. n.d.https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/shinyapps\/bulkexplorer48\/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=INJ_FATL_ECO_RT_A. Accessed September 4 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.\u00a02017 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries charts.\u00a02018.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshwc\/cfoi\/cfch0016.pdf. Accessed May 19 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Handbook of Methods: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.2017.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/hom\/cfoi\/data.htm. Accessed December 15 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.ARCHIVED Weekly reports of fatalities catastrophes and other events. n.d.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/dep\/fatcat\/dep_fatcat_archive.html. Accessed May 24 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration \u00a0U.S. Department of Labor.Field operations manual.2016.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/OshDoc\/Directive_pdf\/CPL_02-00-160.pdf. 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