{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:39Z","timestamp":1786976859391,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information is scarce about the occupational health effects of exposure to alumina dust. This study examines the respiratory effects of inspirable alumina dust exposure in alumina refineries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An inception cohort study at three alumina refineries in Western Australia recruited 416 participants (351 males, 65 females) between 1995 and 2000 who were followed up annually until 2008 or until exit from study. At each health interview a respiratory questionnaire and lung function test was undertaken, measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Participants provided job histories which were combined with air monitoring data to calculate cumulative exposure to inspirable alumina dust (mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010years). Generalized estimating equations with Poisson distribution and mixed effects models were used to examine the effects of alumina exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The number of exposed participants was relatively small (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200982, 19.7%). There was no association between alumina dust exposure and prevalence of cough, wheeze or rhinitis. No associations were found between measures of lung function and tertiles of alumina exposure in the first two follow\u2010ups, or the whole follow\u2010up period, though there was a suggestive dose\u2010response trend across exposed groups for decline in absolute FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend\u2009= .06). For mean annual change in FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and FVC based on the first three follow\u2010ups it was not possible to rule out an effect above a threshold level of exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no evidence of an association between exposure to alumina and the reporting of respiratory symptoms but some evidence for an effect on lung function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T01:54:08Z","timestamp":1600394048000},"page":"1116-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Respiratory outcomes among refinery workers exposed to inspirable alumina dust: A longitudinal study in Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Del Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella M.","family":"Gwini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University Hospital, Barwon Health  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9223-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"de Klerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geza","family":"Benke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8069-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Dennekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Fritschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4730-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"William (Bill) Musk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; 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