{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:51:54Z","timestamp":1790869914634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In California, state prison inmates are employed to fight wildfires, which involves performing soil\u2010disrupting work. Wildfires have become more common, including areas where <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>, the soil\u2010dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, proliferates. However, work practices that place wildland firefighters at risk for coccidioidomycosis have not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>On August 17, 2017, the California Department of Public Health was notified of a cluster of coccidioidomycosis cases among Wildfire A inmate wildland firefighters. We collected data through medical record abstraction from suspected case\u2010patients and mailed a survey assessing potential job task risk factors to Wildfire A inmate firefighters. We described respondent characteristics and conducted a retrospective case\u2013control investigation to assess coccidioidomycosis risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 198 inmate firefighters who worked on Wildfire A, 112 (57%) completed the survey. Of 10 case\u2010patients (four clinical and six laboratory\u2010confirmed), two were hospitalized. In the case\u2013control analysis of 71 inmate firefighters, frequently cutting fire lines with a McLeod tool (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1\u201337.2) and being in a dust cloud or storm (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1\u201317.4) were associated with illness. Two of 112 inmate firefighters reported receiving coccidioidomycosis training; none reported wearing respiratory protection on this wildfire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wildland firefighters who use hand tools and work in dusty conditions where <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic> proliferates are at risk for coccidioidomycosis. Agencies that employ them should provide training about coccidioidomycosis and risk reduction, limit dust exposure, and implement respiratory protection programs that specify where respirator use is feasible and appropriate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T10:22:06Z","timestamp":1611397326000},"page":"266-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Coccidioidomycosis outbreak among inmate wildland firefighters: California, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Laws","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail Sondermeyer","family":"Cooksey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Mohle\u2010Boetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Correctional Health Care Services  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McNary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wilken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"},{"name":"Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Leistikow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Correctional Health Care Services  Elk Grove California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc J.","family":"Vugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle C.","family":"Windham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Materna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health  Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) statistics.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/coccidioidomycosis\/statistics.html. Accessed2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/496991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. Epidemiologic summary of coccidioidomycosis in California 2018.https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CID\/DCDC\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/CocciEpiSummary2018.pdf. Accessed September 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.150129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6733a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3182480556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990999"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis among cast and crew members at an outdoor television filming event\u2014Monterey County, California, 2012","volume":"63","author":"Wilken JA","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"2017 Wildfire Activity Statistics. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; 2019.https:\/\/www.fire.ca.gov\/media\/10059\/2017_redbook_final.pdf. Accessed September 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Conservation (Fire) Camps. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation; 2017.https:\/\/www.cdcr.ca.gov\/Conservation_Camps\/. Accessed August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"CAL FIRE Conservation Camp Program. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; 2014.http:\/\/www.fire.ca.gov\/communications\/downloads\/fact_sheets\/CampProgram.pdf. Accessed August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"CAL FIRE commonly used fire terminology;2008.www.fire.ca.gov. Accessed August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019EF001210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"California Department of Health Services. CA EPI 00\u201006: Coccidioidomycosis in California Youth Authority Wards Paso Robles August\u2013September 2000. State of California Memorandum to The Record. January 29 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"410","article-title":"Focal endemic coccidioidomycosis in Los Angeles County","volume":"105","author":"Rao S","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549091244S107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"Personal communication with Curtis Brown CAL FIRE;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100475"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23218","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajim.23218","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T10:56:43Z","timestamp":1693652203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23218","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}