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Smoking habits and workplace exposures to vapors, gas, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) could cause or exacerbate airway obstruction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of airway obstruction due to smoking and workplace exposure, and their interaction, in a large population\u2010based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, a sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096153) of the Swedish population aged between 24 and 76 years underwent a questionnaire, clinical examination, blood test, and spirometry to gather information on airway obstruction classified by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria or American Thoracic Society (ATS)\/European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria, risk factors, and confounders. Occupational exposures to VGDF were\u00a0rated according to a specific job\u2010exposure matrix. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for airway obstruction in smokers and nonsmokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 9.8% had airway obstruction by GOLD criteria and 10.3% by ATS\/ERS. Smokers with a high likelihood of exposure to VGDF had a higher risk of airway obstruction than those not exposed (odds ratio [OR]: 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15\u20132.65 by GOLD; OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.37 by ATS\/ERS) especially those &gt;50 years of age. In smokers highly exposed to VGDF, risk estimates were higher than in the whole population, and the interaction between high exposure to VGDF and smoking further increased the risk of airway obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests a possible role for interaction between cigarette smoking and VGDF exposure on the risk of airway obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:43:26Z","timestamp":1618620206000},"page":"576-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occupational risk factors for airway obstruction in a population\u2010based study in Northern Europe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Murgia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University of Perugia  Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Brisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Carin","family":"Olin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dahlman\u2010Hoglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Tor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of G\u00f6teborg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology University of Perugia  Perugia 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