{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:51:11Z","timestamp":1773013871707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The landscaping services industry is one of the more dangerous in the United States, with higher rates of both fatal and nonfatal injuries than the all\u2010industry average. This study uses claims from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (OHBWC) database to identify high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses in this industry in Ohio. The causes of those illnesses and injuries are highlighted to identify common factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The OHBWC database includes injured\u2010worker industry identification, occupation, business size, demographics, diagnoses, and free\u2010text descriptions of injury circumstances. We identified landscaping service industry claims from 2001 to 2017, and describe annual claim counts and rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the 17\u2010year period, 18,037 claims were accepted, with \u201cStruck by object or equipment\u201d and \u201cOverexertion involving outside sources\u201d being the most common events or exposures. Sprains and fractures were the most prevalent of the more serious lost\u2010time (LT) injuries. Free\u2010text descriptions of claims indicate that arborist work and loading\/unloading of work vehicles and trailers are particularly hazardous. Younger and shorter\u2010tenured workers were injured most frequently, although the average workers' age was higher for LT claims. The total cost of claims to the OHBWC from the landscaping services industry for 2001\u20132017 was over $226,000,000. Almost $214,000,000, or 94.4%, was for LT injuries and illnesses, even though LT claims comprise only 18% of total claims.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted improvements in landscaper safety could come from controlling events leading to LT claims. Engineering controls and improved training are strongly recommended to reduce falls, overexertion, and struck\u2010by injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T20:43:20Z","timestamp":1622666600000},"page":"699-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lessons learned from Ohio workers' compensation claims to mitigate hazards in the landscaping services industry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1742-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara M.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Field Studies and Engineering National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Wurzelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Field Studies and Engineering National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Zeiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Field Studies and Engineering National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Naber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Safety and Hygiene Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","unstructured":"BLS. Injuries illnesses and fatalities.2020.http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/. Accessed March 5 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","unstructured":"BLS. Survey of occupational injuries and illnesses data.2021.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/soii-data.htm\/#summary. Accessed March 5 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","unstructured":"BLS. Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI).Injuries Illnesses and Fatalities2021.http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshcfoi1.htm. Accessed March 5 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","unstructured":"OSHA. Landscape and horticultural services.Safety and Health Topics.2020.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/SLTC\/landscaping\/hazards.html. Accessed July 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. All sectors: summary statistics for the U.S. states and selected geographies: 2017. 2020.https:\/\/data.census.gov\/cedsci\/table?q=number%20of%20landscaping%20firms%26tid=ECNBASIC2017.EC1700BASIC%26n=N0500.00. Accessed March 5 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"BLS. Labor force statistics from the current population survey. 2020.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/tables.htm. Accessed May 8 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-009-9212-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-4-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Systematic Occupational Health and Safety Management\u2014Perspectives on an International Development","author":"Eakin JM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","unstructured":"HeaddB.The characteristics of small\u2010business employees. Monthly Labor Review US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2000 April."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105639"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2015.1091967"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/EHI.S39682"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2017.1392530"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.48044\/jauf.2010.030","article-title":"A survey of United States tree care companies: part I\u2014safety training and fatal accidents","volume":"36","author":"Ball J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arboric Urban For"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20604"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.784177"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48044\/jauf.2020.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22913"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162475"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.794381"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1558-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20942"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Arborists in Louisiana, U.S.: a baseline assessment of safety and professionalism","volume":"31","author":"Dozier H","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Arboriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22653"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","unstructured":"NIOSH.NIOSH Center for Workers' Compensation Studies (CWCS).2020.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/workercomp\/cwcs\/default.html. Accessed June 2 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","unstructured":"BLS.Labor Productivity and Costs.2020.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/lpc\/#tables. Accessed August 20 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","unstructured":"WurzelbacherSJ MeyersAR BertkeSJ et al.Comparison of cost valuation methods for workers' compensation data. Paper presented at: Use of Workers' Compensation Data for Occupational Safety and Health: Proceedings from June 2012 Workshop; 2013 2012. Cincinnati OH."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","unstructured":"OHBWC.Annual Reports 2013\u20102018. Columbus OH2020;https:\/\/www.ic.ohio.gov\/news\/reportsnewsletters.html. Accessed September 25 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","volume-title":"Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual","author":"BLS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22360"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.08.015","article-title":"Workers' compensation claim counts and rates by injury event\/exposure among state\u2010insured private employers in Ohio, 2007\u20102017","author":"Wurzelbacher SJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Saf Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Falls from trucks: a descriptive study based on a workers compensation database","volume":"20","author":"Jones D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2019.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22198"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22240"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","unstructured":"NIOSH. Preventing Injuries from Installing Drywall. Cincinnati Ohio. 2006.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/wp-solutions\/2006-147\/pdfs\/2006-147.pdf?id=10.26616\/NIOSHPUB2006147. Accessed July 20 2020."},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Occupational injuries and deaths among younger workers\u2014United States, 1998\u20132007","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","unstructured":"NIOSH. Young drivers at work. Motor Vehicle Safety at Work. 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/motorvehicle\/topics\/youngdrivers\/default.html. Accessed July 23 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20122"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqu213"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.021006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-100743"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000205864.81970.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22179"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10142"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22563"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000226253.54138.1e"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12045"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20565"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12500"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.21034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000105909.66435.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029322"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Work\u2010related fatalities associated with tree care operations\u2014United States, 1992\u20132007","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","unstructured":"WiatrowskiWJ. Fatalities in the ornamental shrub and tree services industry. 2005.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/cwc\/fatalities-in-the-ornamental-shrub-and-tree-services-industry.pdf. Accessed August 3 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","unstructured":"NIOSH.Hierarchy of controls. Workplace safety & health topics.2015.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/hierarchy\/default.html. Accessed July 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","unstructured":"OSHA. OSHA Training Institute Education Centers.Training.2020.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/otiec\/. Accessed July 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","unstructured":"OHBWC. Safety & training.2020.https:\/\/info.bwc.ohio.gov\/wps\/portal\/gov\/bwc\/for-employers\/safety-and-training. Accessed September 25 2020."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23261","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajim.23261","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T10:50:53Z","timestamp":1693306253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}