{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:39:43Z","timestamp":1785195583283,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200\u20102011\u201039378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200\u20102011\u201039378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200\u20102011\u201039383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200\u20102011\u201039383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200\u20102017\u201093326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200\u20102017\u201093326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200\u20102017\u201093426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200\u20102017\u201093426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 OH011309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 OH011309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 OH011934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 OH011934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Firefighting has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. We previously found that among Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, higher\u2010intensity WTC\u2010exposure predicted PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns. The present study aims to compare these symptoms in the FDNY WTC\u2010exposed cohort versus a comparison cohort of non\u2010FDNY, non\u2010WTC\u2010exposed firefighters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population included WTC\u2010exposed male firefighters from FDNY (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098466) and non\u2010WTC\u2010exposed male firefighters from Chicago (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091195), Philadelphia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009770), and San Francisco (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009650) fire departments who were employed on 9\/11\/2001 and completed a health questionnaire between 3\/1\/2018 and 12\/31\/2020. Current PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns were assessed via validated screening instruments. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by fire department estimated the impact of covariates on each outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted mean PTSD symptom scores ranged from 23.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 in Chicago firefighters to 25.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 in FDNY, and adjusted mean depressive symptom scores ranged from 7.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 in Chicago to 9.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 in Philadelphia. WTC\u2010exposure was associated with fewer subjective cognitive concerns (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) after controlling for covariates. Across cohorts, older age was associated with more cognitive concerns, but fewer PTSD and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>WTC\u2010exposed firefighters had fewer cognitive concerns compared with non\u2010WTC\u2010exposed firefighters. We were unable to estimate associations between WTC exposure and PTSD symptoms or depressive symptoms due to variability between non\u2010WTC\u2010exposed cohorts. Longitudinal follow\u2010up is needed to assess PTSD, depressive, and cognitive symptom trajectories in firefighter populations as they age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T11:44:12Z","timestamp":1629459852000},"page":"803-814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns in WTC\u2010exposed and non\u2010WTC\u2010exposed firefighters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Alexandra K.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8495-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankura","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayris P.","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles B.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9562-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Prezant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Zeig\u2010Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Bureau of Health Services Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonology Division Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqs116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000839"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Occupational health for firefighters","volume":"16","author":"Melius J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415615217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22180"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.06.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqt003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2017.1368703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqw063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2017.1299995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S156501"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Evaluating effects of heat stress on cognitive function among workers in a hot industry","volume":"4","author":"Mazloumi A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqab013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079920922576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0449-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2011.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197330"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.10.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"WareJ MaK Tuner\u2010bowkerD GandekB. Version 2 of the SF12 health survey.2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20837"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213870.40300.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213879.55547.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.10.1394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJES-10-2016-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1996.9921286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-019-09650-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264318781131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-012-9318-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2012.761669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.637060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2017.1414769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.028"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Performance characteristics of the PTSD Checklist in retired firefighters exposed to the World Trade Center disaster","volume":"23","author":"Chiu S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03960-x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23285","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajim.23285","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T05:01:49Z","timestamp":1693285309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23285","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}