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The combination of demanding work schedules and other hazards in the HCSA work environment increases the health and safety risks to these workers, as well as to their patients\/clients and the public.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper has three aims: (1) provide an overview of the burden of shift work, long hours, and related sleep and fatigue problems in this sector; (2) suggest research priorities that would improve these; and (3) discuss potential positive impacts of addressing these research priorities for the health and safety of workers and the public. The authors used a modified Delphi approach to anonymously rank\u2010order priorities for improving HCSA worker health and safety and public safety. Input was also obtained from attendees at the 2019 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Work Hours, Sleep, and Fatigue Forum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest rated research priorities were developing better designs for work schedules, and improving the HCSA culture and leadership approaches to shift work and long work hours. Additional priorities are identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research in these priority areas has the potential to benefit HCSA workers as well as their patients\/clients, employers, and society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:41:36Z","timestamp":1653126096000},"page":"867-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Research priorities to reduce risks from work hours and fatigue in the healthcare and social assistance sector"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire C.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science Integration National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan W.","family":"Arbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery Frontier Nursing University  Versailles Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann M.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing\u2010 Omaha University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beverly M.","family":"Hittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9608-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Patrician","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison M.","family":"Trinkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Maryland  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8547-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K.","family":"Barger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5133-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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