{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1772075036662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries are caused by exposures to airborne toxicants and contaminants in the workplace. A 1990s study found that US\u00a0emergency department (ED)\u2010based inhalation injury rates were higher than those seen in the United Kingdom and Canada. This study examines 4 years of hospital ED data to estimate current rates of occupational inhalation injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Occupational Supplement were used to identify nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US\u00a0hospital EDs from 2014 to 2017. A workplace inhalation injury was defined as any worker treated in an ED as a result of inhaling a harmful substance at work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2014 to 2017, there were an estimated 2.2 occupational inhalation injuries per 10,000 full\u2010time equivalents\u00a0(FTE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6\u20132.8) treated in EDs, a rate nearly four times that found in Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Although men incurred 60% (95% CI: 56%\u201364%) of the injuries, the overall injury rates for men and women were similar at 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7\u20132.9) and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4\u20132.7) per 10,000 FTE, respectively. By age group, workers less than 25 years of age were at greater risk of injury at 4.1 injuries per 10,000 FTE (95% CI: 2.8\u20135.3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results illustrate the burden of nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries, providing an understanding of how injuries are distributed based on demographics. While inhalation injury rates have declined over the last two decades,\u00a0additional research is needed to determine whether interventions have reduced risk, or if the availability of alternate sources of medical treatment is a factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T13:18:16Z","timestamp":1653743896000},"page":"690-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surveillance of acute nonfatal occupational inhalation injuries treated in US\u00a0hospital emergency departments, 2014\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Kitty J.","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Division of Safety Research National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry A.","family":"Layne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Division of Safety Research National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Schleiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela B. R.","family":"Javurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Safety Research, School of Public Health West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2017.1339011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200008)38:2<140::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1995.9955009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Work\u2010related injury statistics query system\u2014technical information","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Occupational injury and illness classification manual","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).\u00a0","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Air Quality Guidelines","author":"WHO.\u00a0","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Analysis of the Current Population Survey using the Employed Labor Force Query System","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.\u00a0","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"SAS.\u00a0SAS Online Documentation Version 9.4. SAS Institute Inc.; 2020.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/support.sas.com\/en\/software\/base-sas-support.html#documentation.\u00a0Accessed May 23 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"BLS. Databases Tables and Calculators by Subject\u2014Workplace Injuries. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Databases Tables & Calculators by Subject.www.bls.gov\/data\/#injuries. 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