{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T12:16:02Z","timestamp":1779020162937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2019, grounds maintenance work was ranked among the most dangerous jobs in the United States. The objective of this study was to provide a national profile of fatal injuries of grounds maintenance workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Current Population Survey were analyzed to determine grounds maintenance worker fatality rates and rate ratios during 2016\u20132020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the 5\u2010year study period, a total of 1064 deaths, or average fatality rate of 16.64 deaths per 100,000 full\u2010time employees (FTEs) was identified in grounds maintenance workers compared to 3.52 deaths per 100,000 FTEs\u00a0for all occupational worker deaths in the United States. The incidence rate ratio was 4.72 per 100,000 FTEs\u00a0[95% CI:\u00a04.44\u22125.02; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001]. The primary events or exposures that led to work\u2010related deaths were transportation incidents (28.0%), falls (27.3%), contact with objects and equipment (22.8%), and traumatic acute exposures to harmful substances or environments (17.9%). Black or African American workers had higher death rates, while Hispanic or Latino workers accounted for over one\u2010third of all occupational\u2010related fatalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each year, fatal work injury rates were consistently nearly five\u00a0times higher among those employed in grounds maintenance work than all US worker fatalities. Wide\u2010ranging safety intervention and prevention measures are needed to protect workers. Future research efforts should employ methods that include qualitative approaches to gain a better understanding of worker's perspectives and employer's operational work practices to mitigate risks that contribute to these high work\u2010related fatalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1686487265000},"page":"750-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occupational fatalities among grounds maintenance workers in the United States (2016\u22122020)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9684-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"MakA.Top 25 most dangerous jobs in the United States. 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