{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1770121600146,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers can be injured by animals such as mammals and insects. Previous studies found that most animal\u2010related occupational fatalities were caused by horses and cattle. We analyzed characteristics of recent nonfatal severe animal\u2010related injuries in US workers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severe injury reports (SIR) database, collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, contains employer self\u2010reports of inpatient hospitalizations and amputations. We used 2015\u22122021 SIR data to assess properties of animal\u2010related injuries, including the type of animal involved, the nature of the injury, and the industry of the employer. Industry\u2010specific incidence rates were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 788 severe animal\u2010related injuries during the 7\u2010year study period. Mammals caused over half of these injuries (476; 60.4%), followed by insects, arachnids, and mites (183; 23.2%) and reptiles (127; 16.1%). Two\u2010thirds (529; 67.1%) of animal\u2010related injuries were traumatic, while 211 (28.0%) injuries were due to poisoning or allergic reaction. The highest observed incidence was in livestock merchant wholesalers (59.6 severe injuries per 100,000 workers per year); injuries in this industry were often due to cattle. Mail delivery and landscape architecture, two industries in which animal contact is atypical, were also among the 10 industries with the highest incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers in many industries experienced severe injuries due to animals. Among workers whose job involves animal contact, cattle workers appear to be at highest risk. Outdoor workers in some industries require protection from bites of dogs, snakes, and insects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T14:39:41Z","timestamp":1693924781000},"page":"1009-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reports to OSHA of severe occupational injuries due to animals, 2015\u22122021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Canela E.","family":"Tustin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiant Occupational Health and Epidemiology LLC Columbia Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron W.","family":"Tustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiant Occupational Health and Epidemiology LLC Columbia Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2020.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2001)012[0168:OFDTAR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Severe injury reports. Accessed July 19 2023.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/severeinjury"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2018.1532574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration. State plans. Accessed July 19 2023.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/stateplans"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness classification system table of contents. Accessed July 19 2023.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/definitions\/occupational-injuries-and-illnesses-classification-manual.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. Statistics of US businesses. Accessed July 19 2023.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/susb.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20686"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Dog bites among letter carriers in St. Louis","volume":"90","author":"Lockwood R","year":"1975","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Survey of occupational injuries and illnesses. Accessed July 27 2023.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/overview\/soii-overview.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Census of fatal occupational injuries. Accessed July 27 2023.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/overview\/cfoi.htm"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T23:50:45Z","timestamp":1697068245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23534","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}