{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:46:15Z","timestamp":1783975575971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether differences in health outcomes by racial and ethnic groups among World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers reflect those of the population of New York State (NYS) or show distinct patterns. We assessed cancer incidence in WTC workers by self\u2010reported race and ethnicity, and compared it to population figures for NYS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 61,031 WTC workers enrolled between September 11, 2001\u00a0and\u00a0January 10, 2012\u00a0were followed to December 31, 2015. To evaluate the association between race\/ethnicity and cancer risk, Poisson\u00a0regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for WTC exposure, age, calendar year, sex and, for lung cancer, cigarette smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison to Whites, Black workers had a higher incidence of prostate cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.99, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.69\u22122.34) and multiple myeloma (HR\u2009=\u20093.57, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20091.97\u22126.45), and a lower incidence of thyroid (HR\u2009=\u20090.41, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.22\u22120.78) and colorectal cancer (HR\u2009=\u20090.57; 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.33\u22120.98). Hispanic workers had a higher incidence of liver cancer (HR\u2009=\u20094.03, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20092.23\u22127.28). Compared with NYS population, White workers had significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.26, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20091.18\u22121.35) and thyroid cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.80, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20091.55\u22122.08), while Black workers had significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer (HR\u2009=\u20091.22, 95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u22121.40).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer incidence in WTC workers generally reflects data from the NYS population, but some differences were identified that merit further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T09:40:00Z","timestamp":1695634800000},"page":"1048-1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cancer incidence in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers by race and ethnicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-0250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malak","family":"Khalifeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Zeig\u2010Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York USA"},{"name":"Fire Department of the City of New York Brooklyn New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health 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Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janette","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Farfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Brackbill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Long Island City New York 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