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MPs have been demonstrated to harm animals through environmental exposure. Laboratory animal studies are still insufficient to evaluate human impact. And while MPs have been found in human tissues, the health effects at environmental exposure levels are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed and summarized existing evidence on health effects from occupational exposure to MPs. Additionally, the diverse effects documented for workers were organized by MP type and associated co\u2010contaminants. Evidence of the unique effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on liver was then highlighted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted two stepwise online literature reviews of publications focused on the health risks associated with occupational MP exposures. This information was supplemented with findings from animal studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis focused on 34 published studies on occupational health effects from MP exposure with half involving exposure to PVC and the other half a variety of other MPs to compare. Liver effects following PVC exposure were reported for workers. While PVC exposure\u00a0causes\u00a0liver toxicity and increases the risk of liver cancers, including angiosarcomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, the carcinogenic effects of work\u2010related exposure to other MPs, such as polystyrene and polyethylene, are not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data supporting liver toxicity are strongest for PVC exposure. Overall, the evidence of liver toxicity from occupational exposure to MPs other than PVC is lacking. The PVC worker data summarized here can be useful in assisting clinicians evaluating exposure histories from PVC exposure and designing future cell, animal, and population exposure\u2010effect research studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T07:09:36Z","timestamp":1695539376000},"page":"1033-1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Worker studies suggest unique liver carcinogenicity potential of polyvinyl chloride microplastics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Zarus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Custodio","family":"Muianga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9032-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Stallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaston","family":"Casillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana R.","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Office of Innovation and Analytics Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9633-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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