{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:03:33Z","timestamp":1790269413532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>With increasing reports of accelerated and acute silicosis, PMF, and autoimmune disease among coal miners and silica\u2010exposed countertop workers, we present previously incompletely\u2010described pulmonary pathology of accelerated silicosis and correlations with mineralogy, radiography, and disease progression in 46 Texas oilfield pipe sandblasters who were biopsied between 1988 and 1995.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Worker examinations included pulmonary function tests, chest X\u2010ray (CXR), high\u2010resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and Gallium\u201067 scans. Quantitative mineralogic analysis of pulmonary parenchymal burden of silica, silicates, and metal particles used scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x\u2010ray spectroscopy (SEM EDS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers had clinical deterioration after &lt;10 years exposure in dusty workplaces. Although\u00a0initial CXR was normal in 54%, Gallium\u201067 scans were positive in 68% of those with normal CXR, indicating pulmonary inflammation. The histology of accelerated silicosis is diffuse interstitial infiltration of macrophages filled with weakly birefringent particles with or without silicotic nodules or alveolar proteinosis. Lung silica concentrations were among the highest in our database, showing a dose\u2013response relationship with CXR, HRCT, and pathologic changes (macrophages, fibrosis, and silicotic nodules). Radiographic scores and diffusing capacity worsened during observation. Silica exposure was intensified, patients presented younger, with shorter exposure, more severe clinical abnormalities, higher lung particle burdens, and more rapid progression in a subset of patients exposed to recycled blasting sand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accelerated silicosis may present with a normal CXR despite significant histopathology. Multivariable analyses showed silica, and not other particles, is the driver of observed radiologic, physiologic, and histologic outcomes. Eliminating this preventable disease requires higher physician, public health, and societal awareness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T13:38:28Z","timestamp":1706103508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Accelerated silicosis in sandblasters: Pathology, mineralogy, and clinical correlates"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soma","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meixa Tech Cardiff California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Wiesenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Odessa Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerrold L.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60235-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.124394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-1014OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.3295"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Two cases of fatal PMF in an ongoing epidemic of accelerated silicosis in oilfield sandblasters: lung pathology and mineralogy","volume":"41","author":"Abraham JL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.55.4.274"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. 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