{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:56:50Z","timestamp":1772002610676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term opioid use is related to numerous harms and has uncertain efficacy for chronic, non\u2010cancer pain. Identification of individuals at risk for long\u2010term opioid use can help support treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to determine psychosocial factors associated with opioid use 6 months after a work\u2010related injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective observational cohort study incorporating surveys and administrative data. Eligibility included a workers' compensation claim for an injury between June 2019 and September 2021, no opioid use within 3 months before injury, and opioid use within 6 weeks after injury. The outcome was self\u2010reported opioid use at the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up survey (no use, use some days, or use most or every day). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risk ratios (RRRs) for associations between self\u2010reported psychosocial factors and long\u2010term opioid use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 1724 respondents, 301 (17.5%) reported taking long\u2010term opioids on some days and 87 (5.0%) reported taking long\u2010term opioids on most or every day. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, workers reporting work fear\u2010avoidance had a higher relative risk of opioid use most or every day, versus no opioid use at the 6\u2010month survey, compared to those without work fear\u2010avoidance (RRR\u2009=\u20091.95, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.08, 3.50). Anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and recovery expectations were not associated with long\u2010term opioid use after covariate adjustment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Work fear\u2010avoidance was associated with long\u2010term opioid use in this study of injured workers. Addressing fears surrounding an injury and returning to work may help deter reliance on long\u2010term opioids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T09:13:22Z","timestamp":1727601202000},"page":"1039-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations between psychosocial factors and long\u2010term opioid use among injured workers receiving early opioids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Elmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Fulton\u2010Kehoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Arewasikporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Haight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary M.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Washington State Department of Labor and Industries Olympia Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.7222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3810-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2559"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","article-title":"A review of potential adverse effects of long\u2010term opioid therapy: a practitioner's guide","volume":"14","author":"Baldini A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13564"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181b01710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202762.88787.af"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Comparing two programs to reduce unsafe opioid prescribing and improve outcomes among people who are injured at work\u2013The WOW Study. Patient\u2010centered Outcomes Research Institute. Updated January 25 2024.https:\/\/www.pcori.org\/research-results\/2018\/comparing-two-programs-reduce-unsafe-opioid-prescribing-and-improve-outcomes-among-people-who-are-injured-work-wow-study"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Response rates calculator. American Association for Public Opinion Research. Accessed May 22 2024 https:\/\/aapor.org\/response-rates\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199604150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90127-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0981-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab069"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"749","article-title":"Listening to injured workers: how recovery expectations predict outcomes\u2013a prospective study","volume":"166","author":"Cole DC","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181d1e633"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.19.2087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03178-8"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.23666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T15:36:29Z","timestamp":1729006589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.23666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.23666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.23666","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}