{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:08:44Z","timestamp":1784686124636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzene is an established Group 1 carcinogen due to its leukemogenic properties. Recent studies suggest that occupational benzene exposure may be associated with solid cancers. However, little is known about its association with male genital cancers. We aimed to summarize the scientific evidence on occupational benzene exposure and the risk of male genital cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched for relevant articles in three electronic databases. Methodological quality and the certainty of evidence were evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment tool. We performed pooled and stratified meta\u2010analyses, as well as meta\u2010regressions to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010one publications were included. Pooled results of incidence and mortality for prostate and testis cancer did not indicate a significant association with occupational benzene exposure. A borderline association was found for the incidence of prostate cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR): 1.07, 95% CI 0.97\u20131.19). Subgroup analyses stratified by study design and study quality revealed significant heterogeneity, with case\u2010control (relative risk (RR): 1.19, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.36) and high\u2010quality studies (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.31) showing an increased risk. Both NOS and GRADE assessments yielded mostly low to very low\u2010quality results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides no clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of male genital cancers. Subgroup analysis suggests an increased risk of prostate cancer in high\u2010quality studies. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the methodological limitations of the available studies. Further analyses including methodologically sound studies are needed to corroborate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1748316065000},"page":"666-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occupational Benzene Exposure and Risk of Male Genital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Godono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Caradonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Picciaiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monireh Sadat","family":"Seyyedsalehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The 2007 OECD List of High Production Volume Chemicals","author":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation and Development (OECD)","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Toxicological Profile for Benzene","author":"Wilbur S. 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Toxicological Profile for Benzene accessed October 2 2023 https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp3.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans No. 120(International Agency for Research on Cancer 2018) acessed May 24 2025 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