{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:08:48Z","timestamp":1761988128787},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]],"date-time":"2007-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9872,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The toxicology of sulfur oxides is discussed briefly. The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) are largely confined to the upper airways except during exercise or if the gas is taken up by a carrier aerosol. SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may be adsorbed as a monomolecular layer on dry particles, such as elemental carbon, or dissolved in aqueous droplets. Hydrated SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> forms bisulfite and sulfite ions, which are rapidly oxidized (detoxified) by sulfite oxidase, an enzyme, to form sulfate. SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in carrier aerosols (dry or aqueous solutions) may be oxidized to sulfuric acid. The mixture of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (1 ppm) and a droplet of sodium chloride (1 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) has been shown to be synergistic in guinea pigs. In healthy adults, the same gas\u2010aerosol mixture caused no functional lung changes at rest (two separate studies), but did cause significant changes following moderate exercise. Shortness of breath and wheezing were experienced by about half of the subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700010321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]],"date-time":"2007-04-15T03:47:22Z","timestamp":1176608842000},"page":"427-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["So<sub>2<\/sub>\u2014particulate interactions: Recent observations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Health Effects of Air Pollutants, Washington, DC, October 3\u20105, 1973","author":"Amdur MO","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889748507078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1969.10665414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90126-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"KoenigJQ PiersonWE Horike M Frank R: Effects of SO2plus NaCl aerosol combined with moderate exercise on pulmonary function in asthmatic adolescents. Submitted toEnviron Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4111.503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Influence of relative humidity on functional effects of an inhaled SO2\u2010aerosol mixture","volume":"113","author":"McJilton CE","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Resp Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Acute effects of inhaled SO2 combined with hygroscopic aerosol in healthy man","volume":"155","author":"Morgan MS","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Rev Resp Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.156.3782.1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"130","volume-title":"National Academy of Sciences","author":"National Research Council","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4160.259"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Exercise increases sulfur dioxide\u2010induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma","volume":"23","author":"Sheppard D","year":"1980","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1966.10664471"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajim.4700010321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.4700010321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T18:49:01Z","timestamp":1693507741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.4700010321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.4700010321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.4700010321","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}}}