{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T07:21:39Z","timestamp":1758266499580},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]],"date-time":"2007-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9506,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biological indicators of lead effects on the central nervous system (as measured by performance tests), hematogenous bone marrow (hemoglobin levels), and kidney function (BUN levels) can be combined in an integrative index (INDEX). This integrative index can be in turn related to indicators of lead exposure and absorption. Such an index was calculated by removing age effects in measures of performance and kidney function and then transforming all the variables to Z (standard) units. Secondary lead smelter workers and a control group were studied. In secondary lead smelter workers this INDEX was found to be significantly correlated with ZPP, blood lead levels, and duration of lead exposure. In this population the magnitude of the correlation coefficients with ZPP levels was much higher than that for blood lead levels. INDEX had a higher correlation with ZPP than with each of its components: performance test scores, hemoglobin, and BUN levels. Although performance test scores, hemoglobin, and BUN levels were shown to discriminate between the control, non\u2010lead\u2010exposed population, and the lead\u2010exposed group, INDEX (and particularly one pair of its components, CNS and hemoglobin levels) achieved the best discrimination between groups. The concept of an integrative index of biological effects of lead may be especially useful in defining populations at high risk for developing chronic, potentially irreversible neurologic and kidney dysfunction, and in assessing the severity of lead effects in individual cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700020307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]],"date-time":"2007-04-15T10:16:42Z","timestamp":1176632202000},"page":"261-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An integrative index of biological effects of lead"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Valciukas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Petrocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Psychological Testing","author":"Anastasi A","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Zinc protoporphyrin level in blood determined by a portable hematofluorometer: A screening device for lead poisoning","volume":"89","author":"Blumberg WE","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Zinc protoporphyrin determination: A rapid screening test for the detection of lead poisoning","volume":"43","author":"Fischbein A","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mount Sinai J Med NY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.7.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Quantitative Aspects of Psychological Assessment. An Introduction","author":"Ley P","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(77)90037-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1977.10667292"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.782597"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Renal impairment in secondary lead smelter workers: Correlations with zinc protoporphyrin and blood lead","volume":"2","author":"Lilis R","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90029-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"ValciukasJA SingerRM: An embedded figures test in environmental and occupational neurotoxicology. (Environ Res in press)."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajim.4700020307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.4700020307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T12:00:07Z","timestamp":1699790407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.4700020307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.4700020307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.4700020307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}