{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1748365363741},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]],"date-time":"2007-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9141,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most known occupational carcinogens are site\u2010specific, which implies that they are \u201ccomplete\u201d carcinogens with both \u201cinitiating\u201d and \u201cpromoting\u201d properties (Berenblum's terminology). Excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites among cohorts occupationally exposed to asbestos has been interpreted as reflecting additional site\u2010specific effects, although excess at other sites has also been observed in some studies. The hypothesis that excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites cannot be distinguished from excess cancer at all nonpulmonary sites is tested by data from New York\u2010New Jersey insulation workers working in 1943; similar workers employed after 1943; U.S.\u2010Canadian insulation workers; London factory workers, male and female; Quebec miners and millers; retired U.S. factory workers; U.S. shipyard insulators; Italian shipyard workers in Genoa; Amosite factory workers; and U.S. factory workers. Excluding lung cancer and mesothelioma, observed\u2010expected ratios for nonpulmonary cancer mortality range from 0.97 to 2.78, and do not differ significantly from gastrointestinal ratios. A dose\u2010response gradient is observed for both ratios, when dose is estimated from lung cancer ratios, or in some studies, measured exposures. Site\u2010specificity is unlikely for nonpulmonary cancer associated with asbestos exposure more than 20 years previously. Systemic carcinogenesis may be an example of promotion or impairment by asbestos of some cancer defense mechanism; immunological mechanisms have been suggested by Turner\u2010Warwick and Parkes. Prospective studies are indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700030309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]],"date-time":"2007-04-15T13:16:46Z","timestamp":1176643006000},"page":"341-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Asbestos as a systemic carcinogen: The evidence from eleven cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Carcinogens: Identification and Mechanisms of Action","author":"Berenblum I","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"720","article-title":"T and B cells and delayed\u2010type skin reactions in asbestos workers","volume":"6","author":"Lange A","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Dust exposure and mortality in chrystolic mining 1910\u20101975","volume":"37","author":"McDonald JC","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1981.tb01633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/290201a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18738.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"467","volume-title":"Persons at High Risk of Cancer","author":"Selikoff IJ","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Characteristics, Etiology, and Prevalence of asbestos\u2010associated carcinoma","author":"Selikoff IJ","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03060270028006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5721.492"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajim.4700030309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.4700030309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T07:57:00Z","timestamp":1699775820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.4700030309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.4700030309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.4700030309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]}}}