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We tested cotton dust, generated in a model card room operated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), for total proteolytic activity (hydrolysis of azocasein) and elastolytic activity (degradation of insoluble <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010elastin). Both coarse dust and a respirable fraction (aerodynamic diameter \u2264 1.7\u03bcm) yielded proteolytic activity. Proteolysis was inhibited by EDTA (39%), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (33%) and alpha\u20101\u2010proteinase inhibitor (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>PI) (30%), but not by iodoacetic acid or pepstatin. Elastolytic activity was also present, and was inhibited by DFP (80%) and \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>PI (70%), but not by EDTA. We conclude that cotton dust contains preformed metallo\u2010 and serine proteases, and serine elastolytic protease(s) which are incompletely inhibited by \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>PI. These findings may be relevant to the development of chronic lung disease in people exposed to cotton dust.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700090308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,16]],"date-time":"2007-04-16T19:17:16Z","timestamp":1176751036000},"page":"247-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cotton dust contains proteolytic and elastolytic enzymes not inhibited by alpha\u20101\u2010proteinase inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Donald K.","family":"Milton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajender K.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.6.1563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Proteinases in 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