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Among males, elevated PMRs were observed for nonmalignant kidney disease (PMR = 163; Observed deaths [Obs] = 19; p \u00b1 .05), liver cancer (PMR = 297; Obs = 6; p \u00b1 .05), drug dependence (PMR = 379; Obs = 5; p \u00b1 .05), and accidental poisonings (PMR = 274; Obs = 8; p \u00b1 .05). All but one of the deaths from accidental poisonings involved drugs or drugs and alcohol. Among females, elevated PMRs were observed for stomach cancer (PMR = 174; Obs = 20; p \u00b1 .01), peptic ulcer (PMR = 235; Obs = 8; p \u00b1 .05), diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (PMR = 383; Obs = 5; p \u00b1 .05), and drug dependence (PMR = 674; Obs = 3; p \u00b1 .05). Exposure to known renal toxins (heavy metals and solvents) used in the jewelry industry may account for the excess deaths from kidney disease. The elevated PMR for liver cancer may be due to exposure to solvents (trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride) that cause liver cancer in animals. The elevated PMRs for drug dependence and accidental poisonings may be due to the socioeconomic status of jewelry workers, or to the interaction between solvents used in jewelry manufacturing and drugs, or drugs and alcohol. Because of the lack of information about the specific occupational exposures of the decedents, this should be viewed as an exploratory investigation requiring further follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700120511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T09:17:14Z","timestamp":1176801434000},"page":"579-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cause\u2010specific mortality among Rhode Island Jewelry workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Dubrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Gute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Gastric ulcer and fluoride (Editorial)","volume":"10","author":"Anonymous","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fluoride Quarterly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-197803000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Mortality among workers in the metal polishing and plating industry, 1951\u20131969","volume":"22","author":"Blair A","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Retrospective cohort mortality study of dry cleaning workers using perchloroethylene","volume":"29","author":"Brown DP","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ButterfieldBD(1981):Working in jewelry: Jobs doom many to lives of pain. 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