{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:07:28Z","timestamp":1764936448988},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6958,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four arc welders having a flu\u2010like illness with multiple health complaints following an exposure to high concentrations of isocyanate fumes from ignited polyurethane foam underwent immunological tests as follows: ELISA antibody assays, activated lymphocyte profiles, and lymphocyte blastogenesis. ELISA procedures revealed the presence of antibodies to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and formaldehyde (F) conjugated to human serum albumin (HDI\u2010SA and F\u2010SA). The results from the activated lymphocyte profiles showed deviations from the norm as follows: three welders had elevated helper\/suppressor (H\/S) ratios; all four had elevated percentages of Tal positive cells; two had decreases in B cells; and one had low total white cell and lymphocyte counts. In contrast, the percentage and absolute numbers of ILS receptor cells were normal in the four subjects. T cell blastogenesis to PHA, Con A and PWM resulted in the following: T\u2010cells from one subject responded normally; in another, a high response (212% of controls) to PHA occurred with normal mitogenesis to Con A and PWM. In the remaining two welders, the T cells responded abnormally low (50 to 75% of controls) to the three mitogens. In conclusion, the existence of IgG antibodies to HDI\u2010SA and F\u2010SA, the altered activated immune profiles, the elevated Tal cells, and the abnormal blastogenesis are interpreted as being linked with the episode of HDI and F exposure and the subsequent flu\u2010like illness of the four welders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700130406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T13:17:47Z","timestamp":1176815867000},"page":"463-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immunological evaluation of four arc welders exposed to fumes from ignited polyurethane (isocyanate) foam: Antibodies and immune profiles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Broughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack D.","family":"Thrasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zane","family":"Gard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology","author":"Amos HE","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"585","article-title":"Immunological investigation of individuals with toluene diisocyanate asthma","volume":"4","author":"Avery SB","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"463","article-title":"Specific bronchoalveolar lavage IgG antibody in hypersensitivity pneumonitis from diphenyl methane diisocyanate","volume":"131","author":"Bascom R","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology","author":"Bekesi JG","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"BroughtonA ThrasherJ. 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