{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:24:30Z","timestamp":1759742670773},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6958,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to assess the possible human carcinogenecity of formaldehyde we conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of workers exposed for at least three months to formaldehyde in three garment facilities which produced permanent press garments. A total of 11,030 workers contributing 188,025 person\u2010years were included in the study. Vital status was successfully ascertained through 1982 for over 96% of the cohort. The average (TWA) formaldehyde exposure at the three plants monitored in 1981 and 1984 by NIOSH was 0.15 ppm but past exposures may have been substantially higher. In general, mortality from nonmalignant causes was less than expected. A statistically significant excess in mortality from cancers of the buccal cavity (SMR = 343) and connective tissue (SMR = 364) was observed. Statistically nonsignificant excesses in mortality were observed for cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung (SMR = 114), pharynx (SMR = 112), bladder (SMR = 145), leukemia and aleukemia (SMR = 113), and other lymphopoietic neoplasms (SMR = 170). Mortality from cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung was inversely related to duration of exposure and latency. In contrast, mortality from cancers of the buccal cavity, leukemias, and other lymphopoietic neoplasms increased with duration of formaldehyde exposure and\/or latency. These neoplasms also were found to be highest among workers first exposed during a time period of high potential formaldehyde exposures in this industry (1955\u20101962). However, it should be recognized that these findings are based on realtively small numbers and that confounding by other factors may still exist. The results from this investigation, although far from conclusive, do provide evidence of a possible relationship between formaldehyde exposure and the development of upper respiratory cancers (buccal), leukemias, and other lymphopoietic neoplasms in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700130606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T14:48:30Z","timestamp":1176821310000},"page":"667-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["A retrospective cohort mortality study of workers exposed to formaldehyde in the garment industry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leslie Thomas","family":"Stayner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Blade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Keenlyside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Ahmed I WhitsonTC(1973): Formaldehyde: How much of a hazard?Ind Med and Surg26\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Nasal cancer in the rat induced by gaseous formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride","volume":"68","author":"Albert RE","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Mortality among industrial workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"37","author":"Blair A","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1806","volume-title":"Occupational health report of formaldehyde concentrations and effects on workers at the Bayly Manufacturing Company, Visalia, California","author":"Blejer HP","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency(1985):Formaldehyde determination of significant risk. Federal Register 40 CFR Part 765."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Textiles and the chemical industry: A marriage","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Textile Chemists and Colorists"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Mortality among British pathologists","volume":"41","author":"Harrington JM","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5992.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910370403"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biochemical toxicology of inhaled formaldehyde","volume":"2","author":"Heck H","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198410000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700050602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Proportional mortality patterns among chemical plant workers exposed to formaldehyde","volume":"39","author":"Marsh GM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-197603000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics(1985):Vital Statistics of the U.S. Volume II\u2014Mortality Part A Hyattsville Maryland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics(1981):Health\u2014United States 1981. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 82\u20131232. Hyattsville Maryland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(1981a):Current Intelligence Bulletin 34. Formaldehyde: Evidence of Carcinogenecity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati OH 45226."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","series-title":"P&CAM #354. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 82\u2013100","first-page":"20402","volume-title":"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","author":"Schottenfeld D","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"ShipkovitzHD(1966):Formaldehyde vapor in the permanent\u2010press fabrics industry. 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