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Analyses by duration of employment and latency are discussed, and summary standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) or meta\u2010SMRs are developed for selected cancer sites. Findings indicate that the industry experienced a significantly lower cancer mortality than the general population for all cancer sites combined, digestive system, stomach, and lung. For the industry as a whole, SMRs similar to the general population were observed for skin, brain, pancreatic, prostatic, and kidney cancers. However, some data indicate that certain small groups within the industry might have elevated prostatic and kidney cancer risk. This review supports the conclusion that some refinery employees, particularly those employed before the 1940s, may have been at increased risk of leukemia. There is some indication that cancer of other lymphatic tissue may also be elevated. Unresolved issues affecting these conclusions are discussed, and specific directions for future research are offered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700150305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]],"date-time":"2011-02-02T15:35:22Z","timestamp":1296660922000},"page":"283-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Critical review of cancer epidemiology in petroleum industry employees, with a quantitative meta\u2010analysis by cancer site"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Otto","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard K.","family":"Raabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V52.2.285.285","article-title":"Follow\u2010up study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic exposure to benzene","volume":"52","author":"Aksoy M","year":"1978","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Mortality of workers in an isopropyl alcohol plant and two MEK dewaxing plants","volume":"37","author":"Alderson MR","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1169","article-title":"A case\u2010control study of leukemia at an oil refinery","volume":"28","author":"Austin H","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Effects of atmospheric contamination on cancer mortality in petroleum refinery employees","volume":"9","author":"Baird VC","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198310063091404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ChristieD (1987):Health Watch The Australian Petroleum Industry Health Surveillance Programme Sixth Annual Report 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","series-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer Scientific Publication No. 65","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Interpretation of Negative Epidemiologic Evidence for Carcinogenicity","author":"Day NE","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(83)90161-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700100405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700110208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Texaco mortality study: I. 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