{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:49:44Z","timestamp":1790941784994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5497,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper analyzes the role of threshold limit values (TLVs) in national air pollution policy during the 1980s, a period in which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sought to delegate to individual states the authority to evaluate and regulate airborne toxic substances. We focus on 20 carcinogens and 11 substances with non\u2010genotoxic health effects that were regulated by local air toxics programs using TLVs. Data from EPA's National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse indicate that maximum TLV\u2010based Ambient Air Level guidelines (AALs) frequently exceed minimum TLV\u2010based AALs by a factor of &gt; 1,000. Cancer potency data from EPA's Integrated Risk Information System suggest significant risks remain at TLV\u2010based AALs. Cancer risks at the median TLV\u2010based AAL exceed 1,000 cases per million exposed persons for cadmium (1,040), nickel and its compounds (1,420), propylene oxide (1,550), coke oven emissions (1,860), benzene (2,500), arsenic and its compounds (7,300), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosodimethylamine (21,000), asbestos (21,500), and ethylene dibromide (55,000). We also summarize published studies that report non\u2010genotoxic health effects in workers exposed at levels near the TLV for 11 substances whose AALs were based on TLVs. Contrary to the assumption frequently made by state air toxics program, TLVs cannot be taken to represent no observed effect levels (NOELs) for regulatory purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700210311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T13:46:43Z","timestamp":1176990403000},"page":"383-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The role of threshold limit values in U.S. air pollution policy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton G.","family":"Paxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1988\u20131989","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"A hard look at federal regulation of formaldehyde: A departure from reasoned decisionmaking","volume":"7","author":"Ashford NA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Harvard Environ Law Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1280","article-title":"Acrylonitrile plan lacks federal oversight, consistency provisions, state regulators say","volume":"23","author":"Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ Rep Nov"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Bureau of National Affairs Inc.(1985a):Wirth Waxman Florio offer legislation to force EPA regulation of 85 substances. 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