{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T22:31:05Z","timestamp":1759617065342},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5497,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The follow\u2010up of environmental carbon disulfide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) exposure and urinary excretion of 2\u2010thiothiazolidine\u20104\u2010carboxylic acid (TTCA) among 20 operatives over a 4\u2010day working week in two viscose producing factories confirmed earlier observations that TTCA is a sensitive and reliable indicator of exposure to CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Exposure to as low as 0.5\u20131.0 ppm (1.6\u20133.2 mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) of CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (8\u2010hour time\u2010weighted average [TWA]) was associated with detectable amounts of TTCA in end\u2010of\u2010shift urine. Moreover, the excretion of TTCA, relative to estimated CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake, appeared surprisingly constant in the studied work force. Approximately 3% (range 2\u20136.5%) of absorbed CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was detected in urine as TTCA. The proportional TTCA excretion did not show dose dependency in the estimated CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dose range which varied by about 20\u2010fold. TTCA elimination exhibited both a fast (T 1\/2 6 hour) and a slow (T 1\/2 68 hour) phase. The slow elimination is compatible with a high lipid solubility and reversible protein binding of CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Consequently, urinary excretion of TTCA, relative to CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure, increased by about a third during the workweek. Urinary TTCA concentration of 4.5 mmol\/mol creatinine in a postshift sample corresponded to a TWA exposure to 10 ppm CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> towards the end of the working week. \u00a9 1992 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700220108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T18:46:32Z","timestamp":1177008392000},"page":"85-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessment of exposure to carbon disulfide in viscose production workers from urinary 2\u2010thiothiazolidine\u20104\u2010carboxylic acid determinations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Riihim\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kivist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Helpi\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aitio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448309128255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The relationship of carbon disulfide metabolism to development of toxicity","volume":"6","author":"Bus JS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700080209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90295-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(73)90037-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Toxicology of Carbon Disulphide","author":"Dutkiewicz T","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90227-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90054-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Effects of intervention on the cardiovascular mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulphide: a 15 year follow\u2010up","volume":"42","author":"Nurminen M","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)94262-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Relation between the iodine azide test and the TTCA test for exposure to carbon disulphide","volume":"41","author":"Rosier J","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"212","article-title":"Determination of toxicologically important partition coefficients of carbon disulphide by means of the vial equilibration method","volume":"44","author":"Rosier JA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377736"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"Special nerve functions and colour discrimination in workers with long\u2010term low level exposure to carbon disulphide","volume":"47","author":"Ruijten MWMM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00297130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria 10. 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