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To evaluate the current status of malignant pleural mesothelioma in the Qu\u00e9bec workforce, we reviewed all cases of pleural mesothelioma seen and accepted by the Qu\u00e9bec Workman's Compensation Board (CSST) for work related compensation of industrial disease. We identified 120 cases, 7 of whom were females. They were of an average age of 59 \u00b1 8.5 yrs (sd) (range 42\u201384); they were exposed to asbestos dust in the workplace for an average of 26 \u00b1 14.3 yrs (range 0.5\u201350). The cases were subdivided into 3 groups according to workplace asbestos exposures. There were 49 cases originating in the mines and mills of the Qu\u00e9bec Eastern Township region (primary industry, group 1), 50 cases from the manufacture and industrial application sector (secondary industry, group 2), and 21 cases from industries where asbestos was not a major work material, often an \u201cincidental\u201d material (tertiary industry, group 3). Group 1 was of an average age of 62 \u00b1 8 years, exposed to asbestos dust 31 \u00b1 14 years and the distribution of exposure time was as follows: 15% cases with \u2264 10 year\u2010exposure and 77% \u2265 25 year\u2010exposure. In group 2, the age was significantly lower at 57 \u00b1 9 years; the exposure time was also significantly lower at 22 \u00b1 14 years, and the distribution of exposure time differed from the above (29% cases with \u2264 10 year\u2010exposure and 48% \u2265 25 year\u2010exposure). In group 3, the average age was 58 \u00b1 7 years, the exposure time was also significantly lower at 28 \u00b1 12 years and the distribution of exposure time differed from the above (33% cases with \u00b1 10 year\u2010exposure and 62% \u2265 25 year\u2010exposure). Analyses of the yearly incidence of new cases in each group documented the general incremental trend in all groups, with the sharpest rises in group 3. In the mining towns of Thetford and Asbestos, the incidence of mesothelioma was proportional to the workforce, thus suggesting that the tremolite air contamination, which is 7.5 \u00d7 higher in Thetford, may not be a significant determinant of the disease in these workers. The incidence of the disease in these chrysotile miners and millers was 62.5 cases per million per year for the 1980\u20131990 period, well above the rate for the North American population, estimated at between 2.5 to 15 cases per year per million adult males. In conclusion, we observed an increasing number of work\u2010related mesothelioma in the 1967\u20131990 period in Qu\u00e9bec. The incidence of pleural mesothelioma in chrysotile miners and millers, although not as high as in the crocidolite workers, is well above the North American male rate. Comparative analyses of incidence of the disease in the 2 mining towns suggest that tremolite contamination may not be a determining factor in these chrysotile workers. Whereas in the primary industry, the majority of cases are found in long\u2010term workers, in the secondary and tertiary sectors, the fraction of cases with short exposures is twice as high. The incidence of work\u2010related mesothelioma in the tertiary sector appears to be increasing more rapidly than in other sectors, and constituted 33% of all cases in the last 4year period of our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700220408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T21:51:01Z","timestamp":1177019461000},"page":"531-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Work\u2010related mesothelioma in Qu\u00e9bec, 1967\u20131990"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"B\u00e9gin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Jacques","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Desmeules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaston","family":"Ostiguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Chrysotile and mesothelioma","volume":"1","author":"Berry G","year":"1986","journal-title":"Accomp in Oncolog"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114221","article-title":"Excess mortality from stomach cancer, lung cancer, and asbestosis and\/or mesothelioma in crocidolite mining districts in South Africa","volume":"123","author":"Botha JL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Environmental and occupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos: A comparative microanalytic study","volume":"42","author":"Case BW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Non\u2010Occupational Exposure to Mineral Fibres","author":"Case BW","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Lung asbestos content in chrysotile workers with mesothelioma","volume":"130","author":"Churg A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Lung asbestos content in long\u2010term residents of a chrysotile mining town","volume":"134","author":"Churg A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.3.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Demographic patterns for mesothelioma in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Connelly RR","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1978.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Asbestos Effects on Health of Exposure to Asbestos","author":"Doll R","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700140211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"783","volume-title":"Inhaled Particles III, Proceedings of the British Occupatinal Hygiene Society Symposium","author":"Gibbs GW","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.9.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197211)30:5<1216::AID-CNCR2820300511>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.133.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres","author":"Jones JSP","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700040404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198310000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.5.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197010)26:4<914::AID-CNCR2820260427>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Dust exposure and mortality in chrysotile mining, 1910\u20131975","volume":"37","author":"McDonald JC","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19801001)46:7<1650::AID-CNCR2820460726>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres","author":"McDonald AD","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Mesothelioma and fiber type in three American asbestos factories. 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