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Medical surveillance evaluation mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Benzene Standard initially revealed 11 workers (73%) reporting neurotoxic symptoms while degassing. Workers with more than 2 days (16 hours) of acute exposure were significantly more likely to report dizziness and nausea than those with 2 or fewer days of acute exposure. Repeated laboratory analyses performed over a 4\u2010month period after the acute exposure revealed at least one hematologic abnormality consistent with benzene exposure in 9 (60%) of these degassers. One year later, 6 workers (40%) had persistent abnormalities; an additional worker with normal hematologic parameters at the time of our initial evaluation subsequently developed an abnormality consistent with benzene exposure. Numerous large granular lymphocytes were observed on 6 (40%) of the peripheral blood smears. Despite these laboratory findings, there were no significant associations between the presence of hematologic abnormalities and either the number of hours of acute benzene exposure or the duration of employment as a degasser. Volatilization of benzene from the residual fuel was the suspected source of benzene in the headspace of tanks. Confined space exposure to petroleum products may be exposing workers to benzene at levels above the OSHA Short\u2010Term Exposure Limit (STEL). This situation warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700220410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T21:49:45Z","timestamp":1177019385000},"page":"553-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Acute high dose exposure to benzene in shipyard workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Malinda A.","family":"Midzenski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"McDiarmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kolodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700080103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700070506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"785","article-title":"Exposure to benezene in Turkey between 1983 and 1985: A hematological study on 231 workers","volume":"44","author":"Aksoy M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700070503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Reaction of human blood\u2010forming tissues to chronic benzene exposure","volume":"4","author":"Bowers VH","year":"1947","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668091425392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700160406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V63.5.1133.1133","article-title":"A morphologic and immunologic study of the large granular lymphocyte in neutrophils with T lymphocytosis","volume":"63","author":"Chan WC","year":"1984","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.5.1142.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChickJ KreitmanN PlantM(1981): Mean cell volume and gamma\u2010glutamyl\u2010transpeptidase as markers of drinking in working men.Lancet:1249\u20131251.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92413-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1467-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"475","volume-title":"Occupational Medicine, State of the Art Reviews","author":"Goldstein BD","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"957","article-title":"Disturbances in the blood following exposure to benzol","volume":"26","author":"Goldwater LJ","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)90074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Medicine","author":"Isselbacher KJ","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"409","volume-title":"Occupational Medicine, State of the Art Reviews","author":"King RW","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1986.tb01326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benzene toxicity, a critical evaluation","volume":"2","author":"Laskin S","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198709000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Petroleum Refinery Engineering","author":"Nelson WL","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700140605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory(1989):Toxicological profile for benzene. 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