{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:07:32Z","timestamp":1790874452548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4676,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantifying the exposure of agricultural workers to pesticides is difficult in the face of the heterogeneity of the pesticides used, the variability in methods of application, and the lack of adequate exposure data. This report describes an attempt to estimate long\u2010term dermal and inhalation exposure of bulb farmers by the development of an exposure index. This proposed exposure index consists of generic levels of exposure specific to the method of application, which were derived from databases as well as from field studies. The index is further determined by farm\u2010related parameters such as acreage and number of pesticide applications ascertained from questionnaire responses. A widely used dithiocarbamate mixture served as a marker compound for exposure to other pesticides.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ranking of 127 bulb farmers according to calculated lifetime dermal exposure correlated only moderately to ranking based on duration of exposure, e.g., years of exposure and farm acreage. This finding indicates that the proposed exposure index could provide a useful estimate of long\u2010term exposure to a mixture of pesticides in epidemi\u2010ological investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700250411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T21:17:31Z","timestamp":1177103851000},"page":"573-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Estimation of long\u2010term exposure to pesticides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Derk H.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elly J.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes J.","family":"van Hemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"BBLF Biologische Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Land\u2010 and Forstwirtschaft Bundesrepublik Deutschland(1988): Richtlinien f\u00fcr die Amtliche Pr\u00fcfung von Planzenschutzmitteln Teil I. 3\u20103\/1. Kennzeichnung von Pflantzenschutzmitteln\u2014Gesundheitsschutz Risikoabsch\u00e4tzung f\u00fcr die Auswahl geeigneter Hinweise mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln. 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Report of the Working Group Bulb cultivation The Hague The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1982-0182.ch008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668791384968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Pesticide Application Methods","author":"Matthews GA","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"996","article-title":"Is pesticide use related to the rise of primary lung cancer in Saskatchewan?","volume":"32","author":"McDuffie HH","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1991.10387919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700140410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700120303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Occupational Hazards of Pesticide Use","author":"Turnbull GJ","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9748-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"Health effects of pesticides in the flower\u2010bulb culture in Holland","volume":"81","author":"Verberk MM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria","author":"WHO, World Health Organization","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria","author":"WHO, World Health Organization","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria","author":"WHO, World Health Organization","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajim.4700250411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.4700250411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1698232368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.4700250411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.4700250411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.4700250411","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}}}